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English Political Revolution

English Political Revolution. WEEK 6. II. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution. The Restoration settlement Political Settlement Religious settlement Financial settlement B. The Glorious Revolution C . The Hanoverian regime. James II (1685-1688).

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English Political Revolution

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  1. English Political Revolution WEEK 6

  2. II. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution • The Restoration settlement • Political Settlement • Religioussettlement • Financial settlement B. The GloriousRevolution C. The Hanoverianregime

  3. James II (1685-1688) Restoration/18th Century Monarchs Charles II (1660-1685)

  4. Charles II (1660-1685) • Nicknamed “the Merry Monarch” because he restored the theatres (comedies favored), sporting events, dancing, merrymaking in the country. • He had the body of Oliver Cromwell disinterred, hanged, and beheaded in 1661. • He was received into the Roman Catholic church just before his death

  5. The Triennal Act (Parl to convene every 7 years) • King in need of money > arrangement with Louis XIV

  6. William and Mary (1689-1702) The GloriousRevolution = a non-violent Revolution 1689: The Bill of Rights 1689: Toleration Act but 1673 Test Act still in practice + reinforced against Catholics until 1828 1701: Act of Settlement = exclusion of Catholics from the throne

  7. Queen Anne (1702-1714) • King William III died childless and throne passed to Anne (James II’s daughter) • Devout Anglican • Had 16 children all died—no heir to throne

  8. George II (1727-1760) George III (1760-1820) William IV (1830-1837) George IV (1820-1830) George I (1714-1727) Restoration/18th Century Monarchs The son of Princess Sophia, who was the grand-daughter of England's King James I

  9. The heritage of the GloriousRevolution • Parliamentarysovereignty • A constitutionalmonarchy • Crown-in-Parliament (dual sovereignty) • New party politics whigs/tories • Emergence of the Prime Minister • Cabinet system of Government

  10. Opposition to absolutism parliament Power residing in people Gentry Careerpoliticians Non-Anglicans (dissenters) Expansion of suffrage, industrialists and urban dwellers Evolved into Liberal Party Robert Walpole first PM Supported the monarchy (the Stuarts) = Jacobites Established Church Associated with “old” landowning gentry against ‘new money’/Workers against industrialists  supported status quo & privileges & exclusions Evolved into Conservative Party Whigs Tories Both relatively conservative & upper-class bias, anti-Catholic at times

  11. Sir Robert Walpole • The leader of the dominant party in the House of Commons • Restored the national economy • Kept Britain out of war > had to resign in 1742

  12. Act of Union 1707 St George - England St Andrew -Scotland 1st Union Flag Add St Patrick’s cross = Union Flag • - 1543: England + Wales • - 1603 : Union of the Crowns (James VI of Scotand becomes James I of England) • - 1707: Parliamentary union of Scotland + England • 1782 : legislative independence of Ireland • - 1801: Act of Union: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. • 1922: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland • 1997: Devolution

  13. The Enlightenment • Human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny • ≠ Religion (the Catholic Church in France) + the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy. Voltaire Rousseau Locke Diderot

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