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11th EIONET Workshop on Air Quality Assessment and Management, La Rochelle, 26-27 October 2006

11th EIONET Workshop on Air Quality Assessment and Management, La Rochelle, 26-27 October 2006. Global update of WHO Air Quality Guidelines. Dr. Michal Krzyzanowski Regional Adviser, Air Quality and Health WHO Regional Office for Europe European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn Office

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11th EIONET Workshop on Air Quality Assessment and Management, La Rochelle, 26-27 October 2006

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  1. 11th EIONET Workshop on Air Quality Assessment and Management, La Rochelle, 26-27 October 2006 Global update ofWHO Air Quality Guidelines Dr. Michal Krzyzanowski Regional Adviser, Air Quality and Health WHO Regional Office for Europe European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn Office http://www.euro.who.int/air

  2. This presentation: • Background • Process of WHO AQG Update; • Summary of the Updated Guidelines for PM. O3, NO2 and SO2

  3. WHO Air Quality Guidelines: 30 years tradition • Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, 1987 • Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, 2nd edition, 2000 http://www.euro.who.int/air/activities/20050223_3 • Assessment of health aspects of air pollution in Europe, EC funded project 2003-5: • update of AQG for PM, O3 & NO2 recommended

  4. Guidelines are not enforceable standards • Guidelines: • Recommendation on protection of health or environment from adverse effects of pollutants • Standard: • Concentration (exposure level) of the pollutant adopted by regulatory authority as enforceable • Instruments for implementation (monitoring and reporting requirements, consequences of non-compliance, …)

  5. WHO AQG: Global update: the process • Oct – Nov 2004: Steering Group established; • January 2005: Steering Group agrees on the update scope & structure; recommendation of authors of background material; • July – Sept 2005: review of the 1st draft; • 18-20 October 2005: WG meeting, Bonn (report published Feb 2006); • Dec 2005 – June 2006: finalization of background materials based on reviewer‘s comments (drafts 2-4); • 5 October 2006 – formal announcement of AQG • WHO editing / printing  publication: End 2006 http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E87950.pdf

  6. WHO AQG: Global update 2005: Table of contents & authors of 1st drafts Full list of reviewers: WG Meeting Report

  7. response exposure WHO AQG: Global update: Main results • Guideline values for PM, ozone, NO2 and SO2: • the epidemiological evidence indicates that the possibility of adverse effects remains, even if the guideline value is achieved; • some countries might select even lower concentrations for their standards. Interim targets for each pollutant: • define steps in a progressive reduction of air pollution in more polluted areas; • promote a shift from concentrations with acute, serious health consequences to concentrations that, if achieved, would result in significant reductions in risks for acute and chronic effects.

  8. WHO AQG: Global update: Particulate matter • Guidelines • PM2.5: 10 g/m3 annual mean • 25 g/m3 24-hour mean*) • PM10: 20 g/m3 annual mean • 50 g/m3 24-hour mean*) • ____________ • *) 99th percentile (3 days / year)

  9. WHO AQG: Global update: PM: rationale for the annual mean guideline value • Robust associations between PM2.5 and mortality in several studies with PM2.5 in the range 9-33 μg/m3; • No apparent thresholds but statistical uncertainty at PM2.5 below 13 μg/m3; • Annual mean of 10 μg/m3 should be below the mean for most likely effects; • Although adverse effects on health cannot be entirely ruled out below 10 μg/m3, its attainment is expected to significantly reduce the health risks; • AQG and IT-s for PM10 recommended in addition to PM2.5 guidelines in recognition of harmul effects of coarse PM (fraction between 2.5 and 10 μm).

  10. WHO AQG: Global update: Particulate matter - annual mean

  11. WHO AQG: Global update: Particulate matter: rationale for the 24-h guidelines • The annual average is recommended to take precedence over the 24-h mean since there is less concern about remaining episodic excursions at low PM levels; • Meeting the 24-h AQG should protect against peaks of pollution leading to substantial excess morbidity or mortality; • Immediate action recommended in case of exceeding 24-h guidelines

  12. WHO AQG: Global update: Particulate matter: 24-h mean *) 99th percentile (3 days / year)

  13. WHO AQG: Global update: Ozone: daily maximum 8-h mean

  14. WHO AQG: Global update: Nitrogen dioxide • The guideline values remain unchanged at the following levels: • 40 µg/m3 for annual mean; • 200 µg/m3 for 1-hour mean. • Rationale: • Experimental data: NO2 toxic above 200 µg/m3 • Epi studies: NO2 – marker of mixture of combustion related pollution • Precursor of ozone and PM2.5

  15. WHO AQG: Global update: Sulfur dioxide

  16. WHO AQG: Global update: Summary of updated AQG values AQG levels recommended to be achieved everywhere in order to significantly reduce the adverse health effects of pollution

  17. 11th EIONET Workshop on Air Quality Assessment and Management, La Rochelle, 26-27 October 2006 Thank you http://www.euro.who.int/air

  18. WHO AQG: Global update: Steering Group • RH Anderson (UK) • B. Brunekreef (The Netherlands) • B. Chen (China) • A. Cohen (USA) • R. Maynard (UK) • I. Romieu (Mexico) • KR. Smith (USA) • S. Wangwongwatana (Thailand)

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