CUI 4500 Instruction

1. CUI 4500 Instruction October 2, 2012: Skilled word reading; The Structure of English Orthography part two and Morphology

2. Skilled Word Reading 2 domains Printed Word recognition Language Comprehension x

3. 5 principles for understanding English orthography We spell by language of origin. We spell by phoneme-grapheme correspondence. Orthography We spell position of phoneme or grapheme in a word. We spell by letter order and sequence patterns, or orthographic conventions. We spell by meaning (morphology) and part of speech.

4. We spell by position of a phoneme- Consonants

5. Most phonemes are regular but some … Are spelled by … Where the phoneme is placed What other sound comes before or after it beginning middle end

6. Word Sorts • We are going to pass out a set of word sorts for this section. Follow the directions on the top card in the sort. Be ready to explained what you discovered through the sort.

7. FLOSS Rule We often double F, L,S and Z at the end of one-syllable words with a short stressed vowel spell chess stiff jazz

8. FLOSS Rule Why don’t we double these words? gas gel his base

9. /f/- f, ff, ph, gh PH is only used in words of Greek origin and can be in any position Which /f/ spelling do we use when we hear /f/ in a word? Single letter F when you hear it at the beginning of a word. Never FF or GH Fan Fun FF after a stressed short vowel Cliff Staff GH is only used in words of Anglo Saxonorigin and is typically found at the end of a word. [

10. /k/- c, k, ck, tch Which /k/ spelling do we use when we hear /k/ in a word? We use the letter c for /k/before letter a, o and u We use the letter k for /k/ before letter e, I and y, after long vowel, diphthong or vowel team or when it is part of VCe pattern We the letters ck for /k/ after an accented short vowel

11. /k/- c, k, ck, tch Why don’t these words follow the rule? kayak koala kangaroo flak

12. /s/ S or C Which /s/ spelling do we use when we hear /s/ in a word? /s/ when followed by e, I or y is spelled with a C /s/ when followed by a, o, or u is spelled with a S

13. /s/ S or C Words that use the C to represent the /s/ sound come from what language of origin? French Why don’t these words follow the rule? Cello Ciao

14. /j/J or G Which /j/ spelling do we use when we hear /j/ in a word? /j/ when followed by e, I or y is spelled with a G /j/ when followed by a, o, or u is spelled with a J; J can be spelled with e or i as well (jest, jilt, subject)

15. /j/ G or J Words that use the G to represent the /j/ sound come from what language of origin? French

16. /ng/N or NG Which /ng/ spelling do we use when we hear /ng/ in a word? /ng/ before a /k/ or /g/ sounds is spelled with an N /ng/ when alone at the end of a word is spelled with NG

17. /ch/CH or TCH Which /ch/ spelling do we use when we hear /ch/ in a word? We use tch at the end of an accented short vowel CH occurs after a long vowel, diphthongs or consonants

18. /ch/CH or TCH Why don’t these words follow the rule? much such rich which

19. /n/N, KN, or GN Which /n/ spelling do we use when we hear /n/ in a word? We use N to spell the /n/ sound most of the time. We use KN at the beginning of some anglosaxon words We use GN at the beginning or end of some anglosaxon words

20. /g/G, GH, GUE Which /g/ spelling do we use when we hear /g/ in a word? We use G to spell the /g/ sound most of the time. We use GH at the beginning of some Anglo Saxon words We use GUE at the end of French-derived words

21. /j/J, DGE, GE Which /j/ spelling do we use when we hear /j/ in a word? We use J to spell the /j/ sound at the beginning of words. J can never be used at the end of a word. We use DGE at the end of words after an accented short vowel. We use GE after long vowels, diphthongs, unaccented vowels (schwa), or other consonants.

22. When is Q /kw/ or /k/ When does q say /kw/ or /k/ ? We use QU to say /kw/ in all English Words We use Q in all foreign words.

23. We spell by position of a phoneme- Vowels

24. English words cannot end with … ai ay oi oy au aw ou ow eu ew y ue i u

25. Long Vowels: ALL Open syllables are spelling with … a, e, i, o, u

26. Long Vowels: ALL R- Controlled vowels are spelling with … a, e, i, o, u

27. Vowels: Optional Medial Position Long Vowel Spelling ee ea igh oa

28. Very uncommon spellings ei ie ey eigh oe eu ui augh

29. Generalizations About Spelling Patterns • The letters j, y, andi are almost never doubled. • The letters j andvnever end words. • Many consonants are doubled before suffixes beginning with vowels. • Consonant digraphs (sh,th,wh,ch,sh,ng, ph,gh) are never doubled. • Some word families have unexpected long vowel sounds (e.g., bind, kind, cold, most).

30. Exercise: Explain the Spellings • hatchet6. caught • rind 7. have • cygnet 8. fullest • guest 9. knapsack • playground 10. chlorophyll We will review ideas on the following slide. p. 49

31. Exercise 5.1: Explain the Spellings 1. hatchet-tch spells /ch/ directly after an accented short vowel. 2. rind A word family (ind) violates spelling rules for long vowel sounds that have a long vowel sound spelled with a single letter in a single syllable; others are: int, ild, old, and ost. 3. cygnet /s/ can be spelled with a c before the letters y, i, or e. 4. guest The letter u is a marker that makes the g say its hard sound /g/. 5. playgroundTwo compound words keep their spellings as if they were individual words.

32. Exercise 5.1: Explain the Spellings 6. caughtTheaugh is a four-letter grapheme for /au/. It is an old Anglo-Saxon spelling when gh was used to represent guttural /ch/. 7. have No word in English ends in the letter v. 8. fullest The base word full follows the F, L, S doubling rule; -est is a morpheme with a stable spelling. 9. knapsackThe kn- is a silent-letter spelling that occurs at the beginning of some old Anglo-Saxon words; the -ck occurs right after a short vowel. 10. chlorophyllThis is a Greek word with ch- for /k/, ph for /f/, and y for /ĭ/. It has two meaningful parts: chloro and phyll.

33. Silent E- six reasons in English • 1. (cake) The e makes the vowel say its name • 2. (have)English words do not end in the letter V • 3. (chance; change) The e lets the c say /s/ or g say /g/ • 4. (little) Every syllable must have one vowel; final stable • 5. (house) Indicates that this is not a plural • 6. (are) No job…historical spelling

34. The letter E at the end of a word. time have chance blue charge little give alike are like come live late five house love some apple nine face ride white race page dance brave house wire tire side more mile care

35. Why Teach Syllables? • To “chunk” unfamiliar words accurately and quickly: reincarnation, accomplishment • To distinguish similar words: scarred – scary ripping – ripening slimmer – slimy • To remember spelling: written, writing grapple, maple misspelled, accommodate p. 50

36. Spoken and Written Syllables Are Different The syllable breaks that seem natural in speech do not guide conventions for dividing written syllables. • Say these words aloud. • Where do you hear the syllable boundaries? bridle – riddle table – tatter even – ever p. 50

37. 1. Closed pet, cats 2. Vowel-Consonant-e slide, scare, cute 3. Open ri-pen 4. Vowel Team teeth 5. Vowel-r car, bird, her 6. Consonant-le ap-ple Six Syllable Types

38. Discovery of Syllables od ake toe saw no bay pop berupeoot wortmitfle form bet dle war cap bee ote kle fur per gudgle oat tle so much ough pe few poi ta eap su paw ike di raph ipeoopbletle los vow gle let wed car

39. Closed Syllable • 50% of all syllables in the English Language • The vowel is closed off by another consonant, therefore it makes the short vowel sound • yet, mind, cat, sim*ple

40. Discovery of Syllables dodake toe sa no bapoberupeoot wortmitfle form bet dle war cap bee ote kle fur per gudgle oat tle so much ough pe few poi taeap su paw ikediraph ipeoopbletle los vow gle le wed car

41. Open Syllable • The vowel is free to run off because a consonant isn’t blocking it, therefore it makes the long vowel sound • me, he, de*sign, re*view

42. Discovery of Syllables dodake toe saw no bay pop berupeoot wortmitfle form bet dle war cap bee ote kle fur per gudgle oat tle so much ough pe few poi taeap su paw ikediraph ipeoopbletle los vow gle let wed car

43. Vowel Team Syllable • The vowel is a vowel diagraph, trigraph or quadigraph • say, sign, view, room

44. Discovery of Syllables dod ake toe saw nor bay pop ber upe oot wort mit fle form bet dle war cap bee ote kle fur per gud gle oat tle so much ough pe few poi ta eap su r paw ike di raph ipe oop ble tle los vow gle let wed car

45. Bossy R Syllable • The vowel is controlled by an r • R colored phonogram er, ir, ur, wor, ear, or and ar • her, first, nurse, works, early, car, or

46. Discovery of Syllables dodake toe saw no bay pop berupeoot wortmitfle form bet dle war cap bee ote kle fur per gudgle oat tle so much ough pe few poi taeap su paw ikediraph ipeoopbletle los vow gle let wed car

47. Final Stable Syllable • -le ending • little, puddle, middle

48. Discovery of Syllables dodake toe saw no bay pop berupeoot wortmitfle form bet dle war cap beteote kle fur per gudgle otetle so much ough pe few poi taeap su paw ikediraph ipeoopbletle lose vow gle let wed car

49. Magic E Syllable • The vowel is followed by a single consonant and a silent e • cake, lake, make

50. Leftovers: Odd and Schwa Syllables • A syllable with a schwa (empty) vowel sound is found in the unaccented syllable, typically in an affix (prefix or suffix). Sample words with schwa: gar-bagea-bove ac-tive wag-on Sample words with “odd” spellings: con-science par-tial fur-ni-ture • Frequent review, word walls, and multisensory techniques are needed to teach these syllables.