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PACS 4500

PACS 4500. Senior Seminar in Peace and Conflict Studies Section 001 Guy Burgess. Reading Reflections / D2L Grades. Level of Effort Number of Points Evidence of Having Done the Readings Personal Reflections Timeliness. Project Ideas?. Coleman’s Definition: The Five Percent.

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PACS 4500

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  1. PACS 4500 Senior Seminar in Peace and Conflict Studies Section 001 Guy Burgess

  2. Reading Reflections / D2L Grades • Level of Effort • Number of Points • Evidence of Having Done the Readings • Personal Reflections • Timeliness

  3. Project Ideas?

  4. Coleman’s Definition: The Five Percent http://www.fivepercentbook.com/ • Framing questions for RR2:  • Which of Coleman et al ideas seem most useful and why? How do they apply to the "real world?" • Which seem most "whacky" and why?

  5. Advice for the 95% • Know what type of conflict you are in • Not all conflicts are bad • Whenever possible, cooperate • Be flexible • Do not personalize • Listen carefully • Be fair, firm, and friendly

  6. Limits of social science • They compare fluid things to fix things • They think in straight lines • The privilege the short-term • They focus on problems • They marginalize emotions • They are overly simplistic • They are overly complex • They feed the research practice gap • They miss unintended consequences of well-intentioned acts

  7. The Five Percent • Power of history • Complicated but simple • Illusion of free will • Short-term thinking • Resist conflict management strategies

  8. The 57 Essences • Domination: a deep desire for power and control of others. • 2. Inequity: history of colonialism, racism, sexism, ethnocentrism, or human rights abuses. • 3. Gender: situations where men, who are responsible for the vast majority of violence, are in charge. • 4. Divide and conquer: high-power groups (HPGs) manipulating low-power groups’ (LPGs’) ethnic differences. • 5. Cracks in the facade: conditions where HPGs’ control of historical and cultural meaning through history textbooks, media, official accounts, etc. becomes compromised. • 6. Delegitimization of hierarchy-legitimating myths: challenges to ideologies, narratives, and policies that validate hierarchical power arrangements. • 7. Structural victimization of LPGs: denial of identity, security, and voice. • 8. Structural violence toward LPGs: unequal access to housing, health care, nutrition, education, etc. • 9. Lack of awareness: an insulated and inattentive HPG. • 10. Accumulation of indignities: pervasive patterns of “civilized oppression” by HPGs against LPGs. • 11. Seismic shifts: periods of rapid social change and instability. • 12. Tainted infrastructure: compromised institutions, laws, and social norms for conflict regulation. • 13. Looking up: changes in LPGs’ aspirations. • 14. Power shifts: changes in the balance of power between HPGs and LPGs. • 15. Ambiguity of power: unclear relative status of groups in conflict, leading to more volatility. • 16. Anarchy: the complete collapse of social order. • 17. Dialogic poles: underlying issues rife with consequential trade-offs. • 18. Paradoxical dilemmas: issues that, when resolved, create new problems. • 19. Intricate interconnections of issues: complex connections among distinct issues. • 20. High centrality: issues that have high personal or group-based importance. • 21. Truth: issues that revolve around important, basic beliefs. • 22. Hub issues: grievances embedded within broad beliefs, ideologies, and basic assumptions. • 23. Exclusive structures that keep groups isolated and out of contact from each other. • 24. Inescapable relationships: relationships from which it is virtually impossible to exit. • 25. Collapsed relationships: relationships damaged beyond repair by conflict. • 26. Intense mixed motives: high-stakes conflicts with a mix of cooperative and competitive goals. • 27. Intractable core: fundamentally unsolvable issues. • 28. Polarized collective identities: group identities based on the negation and destruction of the “other.” • 29. Conflict identities: group identities organized around an ongoing conflict. • 30. Monolithic and exclusive identities: all different aspects of in-groups and out-groups collapse into single entities. • 31. Frozen identities: personal and group identities become rigid and unresponsive to change. • 32. Unconscious needs and defenses: motives that are operative but difficult to identify and address. • 33. Intragroup divisions and factions: internal group divisions drive intergroup conflict. • 34. Hidden agendas: covert or criminal objectives that drive the overt conflict. • 35. Emotional contagion: the pervasive spread of toxic emotions such as humiliation, deprivation, loss, and rage. • 36. Memorialized conflict: conflict driven by a sense of duty and loyalty to those harmed in the past.

  9. The Frame Problem • The object problem • The subjectivity problem • A set of two data processing problems • The problem of dynamism • Promotion to destruction • Concrete abstract • Objectivity to subjectivity • Long-term the short-term

  10. Coleman The Mathematics of Middle East Conflict and Peace“ • Capitalize on current regional instability • Decouple the conflict. • Work from the bottom up. • Stop making peace. • Identify and support indigenous repellers for violence

  11. Fractals Is all conflict is local?

  12. Complicated vs. Complex Systems

  13. Complicated Systems Mechanical Metaphor-based

  14. Complicated Systems http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ve4M4UsJQo

  15. Chaos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JzMJNMYbRw

  16. Directed from Washington Model

  17. Complicated “Chain of Command”

  18. The Alternative, Complexity-Oriented Peacebuilding Organic Metaphor-based Recognizing that the course of conflict results from the cumulative decisions of millions of individuals.

  19. Mermeration http://vimeo.com/31158841

  20. Non-Human Eco-Systems https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_Bx1mdVMyc

  21. Human Eco-Systems http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2013/06/10/190468911/the-most-dangerous-traffic-circle-in-the-world

  22. Individual vs. Ecosystem-Centric

  23. Ecodynamics Biogenetics vs. Noogenetics

  24. Darwin and Smith

  25. Ecodynamics • Mutation • Selection • Niche • Relationships • Mutualism • Commensalism • Amensalism • Competition • Antagonism (Predation, Parasitism) • Neutralism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

  26. Eco-System Betterment? • Draft “mission statement” of an organization devoted to improving the biological ecosystem. • Draft “mission statement” of an organization devoted to improving the social ecosystem. • Focus on the entire ecosystem not just the welfare of particular species or individuals.

  27. Complicated vs. Complex Systems I Complex Medical View System Evolved Through Processes of Natural and Social Selection No Plans Exist—Only Observational Studies and Theories Decentralized, Multiple Independent Actors Adaptive / Chaotic Complicated • Engineering View • System Consciously Designed by Humans • Complete Plans of the System Are Available • Unified Command-and-control Structure • Deterministic

  28. Complicated vs. Complex Systems II Complex Workings of only some system components understood Only incremental fixes/improvements Applies to complex, real-world systems Medicine, Ecosystem management, Internet, Economy, Social conflict Complicated • Workings of all system components are understood • Complete repair possible • Applies to simpler, designed systems • Space shuttle • Computers

  29. Complicated vs. Complex Systems III Complex Some problems (pathologies/diseases) can be diagnosed and treated, others cannot—treatment varies from: Complete Cure Symptomatic Relief No Successful Treatment -- Chronic Condition -- “Live with It” No Successful Treatment -- “Terminal” Focus on the most threatening pathologies Complicated • All malfunctions can be troubleshooted and repaired (given sufficient funds and political will)

  30. General Systems Theory Levels of Systems Kenneth Boulding, “Skeleton of Science” • Framework • Clockwork • Throughput • Feedback • Cellular • Botanical • Zoological • Psychological • Social Engineered Systems Evolutionary Systems

  31. Metaphors: Herding Cats? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pk7yqlTMvp8 Moving Food Bowls?

  32. Conductor vs. Improvisation Orchestra Model Jazz Band Model

  33. Strategic Corporal

  34. The E-Bay vs. Unity of Effort

  35. Specialization, Division of LaborMassively Parallel Peacebuilding

  36. Micro, Meso, Macro Peacebuilding Fractals

  37. Remediality, Incrementalism Herbert Simon Charles Lindblom

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