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Arthrology / Syndesmology

Arthrology / Syndesmology. Arthrology is the study of unions (articulation) of two or more bones called joint. Without this structure movement would not be possible in animal and man. These articulations may be immovable, slightly movable and freely movable.

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Arthrology / Syndesmology

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  1. Arthrology/Syndesmology

  2. Arthrology is the study of unions (articulation) of two or more bones called joint. • Without this structure movement would not be possible in animal and man. • These articulations may be immovable, slightly movable and freely movable.

  3. Types of movements provided by joints

  4. Classification of joints Based on the material that unite them joints are classified as follows: 1. Fibrous joint: • are immobile joints united by fibrous tissue. • Contain no joint cavity. • Bones are united by fibrous tissues.

  5. Examples • Syndesmosis – this is the joint that contain fibrous tissue as the uniting substance. There may be slight movement at this joint. Example joint between radius and ulna. Ulna joint Radius

  6. Suture • joint seen in skull bones, • united by fibrous tissue in early life but get ossified with maturity

  7. Gomphosis • refers to articulation of teeth in alveolus • united by periodontal ligament. Teeth Joint Gum

  8. 2. Cartilaginous joints • immobile joints no joint cavity, • united by cartilage and ossify with age. • Two types are recognized under this class 2.1.Synchondrosis • immobile joint united by cartilage that later on get ossified and become boneepiphysis and metaphysis

  9. 2.2.Symphysis • immobile joint united by fibrocartilage. • Examples pelvic symphysis, mandibularsymphysis.

  10. 3. Synovial joint • mobile joint enclosed in joint cavity. • This joint is subdivided into various types • based on the number of bones in joint • based on shape and degree of movement. 1.Based on number of bones involved. • Simple joint – joint formed between two bones. E.g. shoulder joint • Compound joint - joint formed between more than two bones e.g. carpal joint, elbow joint.

  11. 2.Based on the shape and degree of movement • Hinge joint - joint permit movement in direction. E.g. elbow joint flexion and extension. • Ball and socket joint – joint permit twisting movement.Head of one bone fits into the cup shaped cavity of another bone Movements possible-Rotation, circumduction, adduction, abduction.

  12. Pivot joint – joint permit rotary movement around one axis e.g. atlanto-axial joint • Plane joint – allows slight gliding movement between flat apposed surfaces. e.g. carpal joint, vertebral articular processes.

  13. suture atlanto-occipital atlanto-axial Madibular symphysis Temparo-mandibular

  14. Shoulder joint Elbow joint Knee (carpus) joint Metacarpo-phalangeal joint

  15. Joints of pelvic limb Hip joint Stifle joint . Hock joint Metatarso-phalangeal joint

  16. Clinical importance • Joints are prone to a condition called disarticulation or dislocation • The two articular surfaces get separated • Joints that are prone to disarticulation are: 1. Fore limb -Shoulder joint and elbow joint 2. Hind limb -Hip joint and hock joint

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