1 / 43

INTRODUCTION OF GENERAL ARTHROLOGY

INTRODUCTION OF GENERAL ARTHROLOGY. By: Dr. RAKESH KUMAR DIWAN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY KGMU UP LUCKNOW. DEFINITION- ARTHROLOGY IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF JOINTS , AND ARTICULATIONS. SITE WHERE RIGID ELEMEMTS OF THE SKELETON MEET ARE CALLED ARTICULATIONS.

chandler-torres
Télécharger la présentation

INTRODUCTION OF GENERAL ARTHROLOGY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. INTRODUCTION OF GENERAL ARTHROLOGY By: Dr. RAKESH KUMAR DIWAN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY KGMU UP LUCKNOW

  2. DEFINITION- ARTHROLOGY IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF JOINTS , AND ARTICULATIONS. • SITE WHERE RIGID ELEMEMTS OF THE SKELETON MEET ARE CALLED ARTICULATIONS. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS: A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STRUCTURE B) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION

  3. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STRUCTURE BASED ON THE MATERIAL THAT BINDS THE BONES TOGETHER, AND ON THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF JOINT CAVITY. • FIBROUS JOINTS • CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS • SYNOVIAL JOINTS FIBROUS JOINTS- -BONES CONNECTED BY FIBROUS TISSUE -no joint cavity • Sutures • Syndesmoses • Gomphoses

  4. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS- • THE BONES ARE UNITED BY CARTILAGE • THERE IS NO JOINT CAVITY • Synchondrosis( hyaline cartilage unites the bones) • Symphyses( fibrocartilage unites the bones)

  5. SYNOVIAL JOINTS- -MOST MOVABLE JOINTS IN THE BODY -THERE IS A JOINT CAVITY.( SYNOVIAL CAVITY, SYNOVIAL FLUID) -ARTICULAR CARTILAGE( COVERS THE ENDS OF THE OPPOSING BONES) -ARTICULAR CAPSULE( IT ENCLSES THE JOINT CAVITY.2 LAYERED) -REINFORCING LIGAMENTS -BURSAE -MOVEMENT VS STABILITY

  6. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE BASIS FUNCTION • SYNARTHROSES-IMMOVABLE JOINTS (sutures) • AMPHIARTHROSES- SLIGHTLY MOVABLE JOINTS( FIBROUS CONNECTION)( intervetebral discs) • DIARTHROSES-FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS( SYNOVIAL) • SYNARTHROSES AND AMPHIARTHROSES ARE LARGELY RESTRICTED TO THE AXIAL SKELETON • DIARTHROSES PREDOMINATE IN THE LIMBS

  7. TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS • 1. PLANE JOINTS-ARTICULAR SURFACES ARE PLANE AND ALLOW ONLY GLIDING MOVEMENTS • 2. HINGE JOINTS-CYLINDRICAL SURFACE OF ONE JOINT FITS IN THE TROUGH SHAPE OF THE OTHER. ALLOW MOVEMENT AROUND 1 AXIS • 3. PIVOT JOINTS- THE ROUNDED END OF ONE BONE FORMS INTO A RING FORMED BY THE OTHER BONE PLUS A LIGAMENT.MOVEMENT OCCURS IN 1 AXIS

  8. TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS • 4. CONDYLOID- THE EGG SHAPED SURFACE OF ONE BONE FITS INTO THE CONCAVE SURFACE OF THE OTHER .ALLOW MOVEMENT IN 2 AXIS • 5.SADDLE-ARTICULAR SURFACES IF BOTH BONES ARE CONCAVE AND CONVEX( SADDLE) BIAXIAL JOINT. • 6. BALL AND SOCKET-SPHERICAL HEAD OF ONE BONE FITS INTO THE SOCKET OF THE OTHER. MUTIAXIAL JOINT

  9. Synarthrotic Joints • No joint capsule and no movement between adjacent bones • Suture • Dense Fibrous CT • Gomphosis • Fibrous Peridontal Ligaments • Synchondrosis – Hyaline Cartilage • Epiphyseal Line (plate) • Synostosis – Bony Joints (Fused)

  10. Types of Sutures

  11. synchodroses

  12. SYMPYHSIS

  13. Synovial Joint pg 215

  14. SYNOVIAL JOINT PERIOSTEUM LIGAMENT JT CAVITY FIBROUS CAPSULE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

  15. BALL AND SOCKET

  16. Knee Joint • Much more complex than elbow • Much less stable than other hinge joints • Some gliding and rotation • structurally 3 separate joints • No single joint capsule

  17. Joint Shapes • Saddle: articular surface both concave + convex • side-to-side, back-forth movement • (eg) carpometacarpal jt of thumb • Ball + Socket: spherical head + round socket • multiaxial movement • (eg) shoulder, femur

  18. Bursae & Tendon Sheaths • Bursae: flat, fibrous sac w/synovial membrane lining • Tendon Sheaths: elongated bursae that wraps around tendons • 3 Factors in Joint Stability: • Muscle Tone • Ligaments • Fit of Articular Surface pg 219

  19. Joint Shapes • Hinge: cylindrical end of 1 bone fits into trough shape of other • angular movement-1 plane (eg) elbow, ankle, interphalangal • Plane: articular surface in flat plane • Short gliding movement • (eg) intertarsal, articular processes of vertebrae

  20. Joint Shapes • Condyloid: egg-shape articular surface + oval concavity • side-to-side, back+forth movement • (eg) metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) • Pivot: round end fits into ring of bone + ligament • rotation on long axis • (eg) prox. radius/ulna, atlas/dens

  21. Representative Articulations Temporomandibular Joint Mostly hinge joint, some gliding and rotation Articular disc

  22. Special Movements

  23. BIAXIAL JOINT(CONDYLOID/ SADDLE JOINT)

  24. ELBOW JOINT BICEPS TENDON TROCHLEA SYNOVIAL CAVITY BURSA

  25. MUTIAXIAL JOINTS

  26. MUTIAXIAL JOINTS(HIP JOINT)BALL AND SOCKET

  27. MOVEMENTS AT SYNOVIAL JOINTS(FLEXION/EXTENSION)

  28. FLEXION/EXTENSION VETEBRAL COLUMN

  29. FLEXION EXTESION LIMBS

  30. ADDUCTION/ABDUCTION/CIRCUMDUCTION

  31. INVERSION/EVERSION

  32. Tendon Sheaths and Bursae • Bursa is saclike extension of joint capsule that extends between nearby structures allowing them to slide more easily past each other • Tendon sheaths are elongated cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane & wrapped around a tendon

  33. BURSAE AND TENDON SHEATHS CORACOACRMIAL LIGAMENT SUBACROMIAL BURSA TENDON SHEATH

  34. QUESTIONS Q-1) Rotatory movements of joints take place on: a)Transverse axis b)Vertical axis c)Anteroposterior axis d)All of the above

  35. QUESTIONS Q-2) Most important factor for stability of joint is: a)Fibrous Capsule b)Ligaments c)Atmospheric Pressure d)Surrounding muscle

  36. QUESTIONS Q-3) All of the following are examples of saddle joint except: a)Sterno-clavicular joint b)Wrist joint c)Calcaneo-cuboid joint d)Incudo-malleolar joint

  37. QUESTIONS Q-4) All of the following are characteristic features of a synovial (diarthrodial) joint except: a)Articular surface are covered by a articular cartilage b)Have joint cavity filled with synovial fluid for lubrication c)Mostly are freely movable joints d)Articular cartilage are covered by synovial membrane

  38. QUESTIONS Q-5) Articular cartilage of all of the following joints are made up of thin plate of fibrocartilage except: 1-Temporomandibular joint 2-1st Carpometacarpal joints 3-Sternoclavicular joint 4-Acramio- clavicular joint

  39. THANK YOU

More Related