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General arthrology and myology

General arthrology and myology. Dr. Anna L. Kiss Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology Semmelweis Egyetem, 2019. Connection between bones : continuous ( synarthrosis ) discontinuous ( diarthrosis , joint,articulatio ). SYNARTHROSES

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General arthrology and myology

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  1. General arthrology and myology Dr. Anna L. Kiss Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology Semmelweis Egyetem, 2019.

  2. Connectionbetweenbones: • continuous (synarthrosis) • discontinuous (diarthrosis, joint,articulatio)

  3. SYNARTHROSES • Syndesmosis (connective tissue) • ligaments, membranes, sutures, gomphosis • Synchondrosis (cartilage, hyalin or fibrous) • intervertebral disks, cartilage between skull bones (sphenopetrosal synchondrosis) • Synostosis (ossification) • hipbone, sacrum, sphenooccipital synostosis

  4. Syndesmosis

  5. Synostosis

  6. Diarthrosis, joints articulation • General structure: • bony surfaces • cartilage:hyalin or fibrous • capsule • cavity • ligaments

  7. Structure of thecapsule Twolayers: internal (inner): synovialmembrana: rich in bloodvessels and nervefibers, secretoryfunction outer: fibrousmembrana: connetivetissuefibers synova

  8. Accessory structures: • disks, • menisci • bursas, • cartilageous labrum • musculi articulares

  9. Types of thejoints • Plane joints: • allows only a limited movement, sliding • between two flat surfaces • Joints with regular surfaces: (convex and concave bony surfaces) • uniaxial (ginglymus, trochoid or pivot) • biaxial (ellipsoid, sellar or saddle) • multiaxial (spheroid or cotyloid, ball-and- socket or condylar)

  10. uniaxial (ginglymus, trochoid or pivot) • biaxial (ellipsoid, saddle or sellar) • multiaxial (ball-and-socket) saddle trochoid or pivot ball-and-socket ginglymus or hinge combined: trochoginglymus

  11. Movements of thejoints • normalposition • middleposition • Uniaxial: flexion-extension • pronation-supination • Biaxial: abduction-adduction • flexion-extension • opposition-reposition • Multiaxial: rotatio, • abduction-adduction • flexion-extension

  12. General myology Musculature: actívecomponent of themovement Structure: striatedmuscle (skeletal) tendons: denseconnectivetissue connectivetissuesheath: fascia (epimysium)

  13. proximal end: origin belly tendon distal end: insertion

  14. Structure of thetendon tendon sheath a.) outer, fibrous layer b.) inner, synovial layer mesotendon

  15. Muscle • shape: spindle, triangular, quadrangular, flat • venter (belly), caput (head), tendineous intersection, aponeurosis, • unipennatus, bipennatus,

  16. biceps spindle unipennate bipennate

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