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Protists I & II

Protists I & II. Lab 4 BIOL 171. Remember!: Classification System.  Saving for next week?. We’ll be looking at all of these! P rotists are everywhere in Eukarya ! “the junk drawer of the eukaryotes”. Ancestral Eukaryote. We’ll be looking at all of these!

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Protists I & II

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  1. ProtistsI & II Lab 4 BIOL 171

  2. Remember!: Classification System

  3.  Saving for next week? We’ll be looking at all of these! Protists are everywhere in Eukarya! “the junk drawer of the eukaryotes” Ancestral Eukaryote

  4. We’ll be looking at all of these! Protists are everywhere in Eukarya! “the junk drawer of the eukaryotes” Ancestral Eukaryote

  5. 6 Kingdoms • Plants (Plantae) • Animals (Animalia) • Fungi (Fungi) • Eubacteria • Archaeabacteria • Protista These are considered “qualitative” terms— not correct science terminlogy.

  6. A constantly changing system…

  7. Lab Study A: Alveolates Dinoflagellates: mixed dinoflagellates (live & wet mount), and Peridinium (wet mount) not in manual Apicomplexans: Trypanosoma – prepared slides Ciliate: Paramecium caudatum – (wet mount) in manual

  8. Dinoflaggelates

  9. Trypanosoma and red blood cells

  10. Paramecium structures

  11. Lab Study B: Stramenopiles Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) – make wet mount Also observe diatomaceous earth (the cell wall deposits from diatoms) – make wet mount and look at prepared slides

  12. Diatom diversity

  13. Diatom cell wall made of silica

  14. Stramenopile flagella

  15. Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) Living: Ectocarpus and Sphacelaria Preserved: Fucus and Laminaria

  16. Lab Study C: Rhizaria(different title from manual) • Foraminiferans - prepared slides • Radiolarians – prepared slides

  17. Foraminiferans (forams) - prepared slides

  18. Radiolarians - prepared slides

  19. Think about… • Morphological characteristics • Ecology of the organism • How does the organism get around? • What role do they play in the ecosystem? • Do they have any economic value? • Where do they live? • Don’t know the answer?? It’s probably a great research question! Ask me about it.

  20. Protists 2 Laboratory 4 (still) BIOL 171

  21. What is red algae? • Eukaryotic • Photosynthetic • NOT plants • Most are aquatic

  22. Lab Study D: Red Algae (Rhodophyta) • Simplest is single celled, but most have a macroscopic, multicellular body form • Autotrophic(photosynthetic)– manufactures its own organic nutrients from inorganic carbon sources • Contain chlorophyll a and accessory pigments phycocyanin and phycoerythrin • Not all are red! Many green, black, even blue, depending on the depth in the ocean they grow

  23. Living SpecimensPorphyridium

  24. Preserved specimens Porphyra coralline algae Chondruscrispus

  25. Porphyra life cycleboth sexual and asexual – alternation of generations!

  26. Coralline algae – “living rock” • Extremely important role in the ecology of coral reefs: sea urchins, fish, and mollusks eat them (herbivore enhancement). • Create microhabitats that protect invertebrates from predation. • Cell walls composed of calcium carbonate – this allows it to fossilize • Economic importance: soil conditioners, food additive for livestock, water filtration, medical vermifuge (stopped late in 18th century), preparation of dental bone implants

  27. Economic Uses • Agar – polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of red algae, used to grow bacteria and fungi • Carrageenan– extracted from red algae cell walls, used to give the texture of thickness and richness to foods such as dairy drinks and soups. • Porphyra(or nori) – seaweed wrappers for sushi, billion-dollar industry!

  28. Lab Study E: Green Algae (Chlorophyta) • unicellular motile and non-motile, colonial, filamentous, and multicellular – GREAT DIVERSITY • Live primarily in freshwater • Share many characteristics with land plants • Storage of starch, presence of chlorophylls a and b, photosynthetic pathways, and organic compounds called flavonoids • Most botanists support the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae

  29. Living Specimens Volvox Chlamydomonas Pediastrum Closterium Pandorina

  30. Volvox Daughter colonies

  31. Preserved Specimens Ulva Chara

  32. Lab Study F: Amoebozoans Amoeba proteus • Pseudopodia – temporary extensions of amoeboid cells, function in moving and engulfing food

  33. Lab Study G: Slime Molds (Mycetozoa) • Protists which use spores to reproduce • Heterotrophic – requires carbon in organic form, cannot manufacture it’s own • Feed using phagocytosis • Suggests they descended from unicellular amoeba-like organisms • Two types: plasmodial and cellular (we will be observing plasmodial type today)

  34. Physarum(slime mold) • Plasmodial stage – vegetative stage that consists of a multinucleate mass of protoplasm (no cell walls), feeds on bacteria as it creeps along the surface of moist logs or dead leaves • Fruiting bodies – reproductive structures that produce spores

  35. Physarum (plasmodial stage) Is slime mold smarter than Japan's railway engineers?check it out!

  36. Slime Mold Life Cycle

  37. Psychedelic slime mold video:

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