Personal Health

1. Personal Health

3. Personal Health Vocabulary • epidermis – the outer layer of skin • dermis – the layer of living cells below the epidermis • acne – is inflammation of the skin that happens when pores get clogged with dirt and oil • dermatologist – a person or physician who cares for skin

4. The Skin • 1. Made up of 3 parts • a. epidermis – outer layer – provides protection from germs / infection unless it is cut • 1. the outermost cells of the epidermis are dead • b. dermis – layer under the epidermis, livingcells

5. Inside the Dermis Layer 1. hair follicles *Oil glands (sebaceous gland) are connected to hair follicle *Too much oil causes pimples (acne), clogged pores *oil glands keep your skin soft and flexible 2. sweat glands – cools the body, eliminates waste 3. nerve endings – give you a sense of touch • Fat layer under skin helps keep you warm

7. 2. Skin Care • 2. skin care • a. dermatologist – a person or physician who cares for skin • b. wash skin – to get rid of dirt, sweat, and bacteria (odor) • c. protect your skin with sunscreen and clothing 1. avoid sun from 10am to 2pm • d. eat healthy – drink water to flush out your system • e. rest – make sure you get enough sleep each night

8. Skin Review • Review Lesson 1 • 1. What are four ways to keep your skin healthy? • 2. Describe the two layers of skin… name at least 2 things you can find in each.

9. Lesson 2 Hair/Nails Vocabulary • 1. dandruff – flaky, dried clumps of dead cells • 2. head lice – small insects that live on the scalp and suck blood • 3. cuticle – the outer layer of hair and a thin flap of skin around the nail • 4. follicles – the place where individual hairs grow • 5. keratin – material from which hair and nails are made

10. A. Hair • 1. grows from a follicle • 2. made from keratin • a. the strength of keratin allows hair to stick out from the surface • i. hair traps air near skin and works as insulation to keep you warm • ii. hair helps you sense the world around you through nerve endings

11. B. Hair Care • 1. Trim and brush to keep it neat and spread out oils • 2. oil glands in your scalp release oil to keep your hair healthy • 3. wash hair at least 2-3 times per week, shampooing your hair removes dirt, and dust that gets caught in hair

12. 4. dandruff – oil from glands dries and mixes with dead skin cells • 5. head lice – small insects that live on the scalp and suck blood • a. lice lay eggs on hair shafts • b. special shampoos can helps a person get rid of lice • c. don’t share hair brushes or hats

13. C. Nails • 1. nails grow from the nail bed, which begins under your skin • 2. made of keratin, in the form of hard layers • 3. function • a. protects the sensitive ends of fingers and toes • b. can pick up items • 4. cuticles – a thin flap of skin around the nail a. can become dry and cracked b. use lotion on hands to help keep cuticles soft

14. D. Nail Care • 1. keep finger and toe nails trimmed and clean – ingrown nails are painful! • 2. Dirt and germs collect under your nails • 3. wash your hands – even underneath your fingernails • 4. biting nails is unhealthy, use clippers

15. Review Lesson 2 Nails/Hair • Review Lesson 2 • 1. Why is it important to keep your nails trimmed? • 2. Describe two common hair problems. • 3. Describe two ways that hair and nails are similar. Describe two ways that they are different.

18. Lesson 3 - The Teeth Vocabulary • 1. plaque – a sticky substance that builds up on teeth • 2. cavity – a hole that forms in a tooth due to decay • 3. fluoride – a substance that makes the enamel of a tooth strong • 4. calculus – a hard, yellow material that can build up on teeth; also called tartar

19. Teeth Vocabulary • 5. crown – the visible part of the tooth • 6. pulp – is a soft tissue that contains nerve tissue and blood vessels • 7. root – hold the tooth in the gum • 8. dentin – supports the enamel and surrounds the pulp • 9. enamel – is a hard substance that covers the crown

20. A. The tooth 1. Parts • crown – the top part that you can see • enamel - the hard outer cover • neck – connects the top to the bottom of the tooth • root – bottom part, in gums

21. 2. Tooth Decay • a. plaque builds up on teeth everyday- Sticky substance, no color and is invisible • b. bacteria in plaque digest sugar and form into an acid • c. acid breaks away enamel creating a cavity – a hole that forms in a tooth due to decay • d. calculus – hard, colored material, also called tartar, removed only by a dentist or hygienist

22. 3. Prevention • a. dental appointments every 6 months, floss, brush, fluoride, stay away from sugary foods and drinks, x-rays • 1. fluoride – makes tooth enamel strong, found in toothpaste, water, or pharmacy • 2. floss – gets rid of plaque and bits of food that brushing does not get to • 3. brush – with soft bristles and replace toothbrush every 3 months

23. Orthodontists • Teeth and bite correction

24. Lesson 3 Review • Lesson 3 Review • 1. How often should plaque be removed from your teeth? • 2. How can you keep your teeth and gums clean and healthy? • 3. Describe how a cavity forms.

25. Eyes and Vision

27. Eyes Vocabulary • 1. corrective lenses – eyeglasses and contacts lenses used for adjusting vision problems • 2. nearsightedness – difficulty seeing things at a distance • 3. farsightedness – difficulty seeing things up close • 4. astigmatism – a condition in which either the cornea or the lens of the eye is curved unevenly, things appear blurry

28. Eyes Vocabulary • 5. conjunctivitis – an infection of the lining of the eye and the tissues under the eyelid; also called pinkeye • 6. sties – infections of the oil or sweat glands in the eyelids • 7. cornea – the clear, protective structure at the front of the eye • 8. iris – the colorful part of the eye, controls the amount of light let into the eye

29. 9. pupil – is a hole in the iris • 10. lens – focuses the light on the retina at the back of the eye • 11. retina – part of the eye that contains millions of light-sensitive cells that detect the energy from the light

30. Inside your Eye

31. A. Eyes • 1. Light first passes through the cornea – this is the protective part of the eye • 2. Light then goes through a hole in the iris called the pupil • 3. Light will then go through the lens with focuses the light on the retina, which is in the back of the eye • 4. cells in the retina send messages through the optic nerve to the brain

32. Eye Problems • 1. Problems start at birth or later in life, heredity most often determines the way the eye changes early in life and at puberty • a. Nearsightedness – People have a hard time seeing far away • b. Farsightedness – People have a hard time seeing close up • c. Astigmatism – a condition in which either the cornea or the lens is curved unevenly, causes blurry vision • d. colorblindness – people have difficulty telling the difference between certain colors – 1 in 10 men have some form of color blindness, very few women do. Red-green is the most common type of color blindness.

33. Visual Impairment

34. Color Blindness

35. B. Eye Problems • e. cataracts – a clouding of the lens. The lens is mostly made of water and protein. The protein is arranged in a way that keeps the lens clear and allows light pass through it. As we get older, some of the protein may clump together and start to cloud a small area of the lens. This is a cataract, and over time, it may grow larger and cloud more of the lens, making it harder to see. • f. glaucoma - is an eye condition that develops when too much fluid pressure builds up inside of the eye. The increased pressure can damage the optic nerve, which transmits images to the brain. This pressure will cause loss of vision. Without treatment, glaucoma can cause total permanent blindness within a few years. This can be inherited and usually shows up later in life.

36. B. Eye Problems • 2. Infections – caused by microbes when touching the eye • a. Conjunctivitis – pinkeye, infection of the lining of the eye and the tissues under the eyelid • *Spread if a person shares personal things like towels or makeup • *Must be treated by doctor

37. B. Eye Problems • b. Sties – infections of the oil or sweat glands in the eyelids • *Spread by sharing face towels, not as easily as pinkeye • *Keep warm wet cloth on eye 2-3x a day to help it heal, or treated by doctor

38. Eye Problems • 3. Protection – 3 ways (protect from injury, protect from infection and make sure your vision is clear) • a. Don’t rub eye if something is in it (scratch cornea) • b. wear safety goggles, sunglasses

39. c. have your vision checked by a doctor • *20/20 vision (or really, 20/20 visual acuity) is considered "normal" vision, meaning you can read at 20 feet a letter that most human beings should be able to read at 20 feet. • *If you can read the big E at the top but none of the letters lower than that, your vision is considered 20/200. That means you can read at 20 feet a letter that people with "normal" vision can read at 200 feet. So at 20/200, your visual acuity is very poor. • d. never wear contacts or glasses that are prescribed for someone else

40. Lesson 4 Review - Eyes • Lesson 4 Review • What is the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness? • How are eye infections different from focus problems?

41. Ears / Hearing

43. Lesson 5 - Ears Vocabulary • 1. cochlea – is a tiny, snail-shaped, fluid filled part of the inner ear • 2. ear canal – the part of the ear that funnels sound to the middle ear • 3. eardrum – the part of the ear that separates the outer ear from the middle ear • 4. decibel – units of measure for the loudness of sound

45. A. Ears • 1. How do you hear? • a. Sound waves are caused by vibrations that travel through solids, liquids, or air • b. these sound waves enter the outer ear and are funneled into the middle ear through the ear canal

46. c. the sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate which cause 3 bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) in your middle ear to vibrate • d. The vibrations cause sound to reach inner ear and the cochlea (filled with fluid) • e. The motion of the fluid in the cochlea causes hair-like nerve endings to send messages through the auditory nerve to the brain

47. 2. Sound is measured in decibels – units of measure for the loudness of sound • a. higher the decibel level, the louder the sound • b. being around sound as low as 85 decibels can cause hearing loss over time

48. B. Ear Problems 1. Head injuries can cause damage to ear, so can infections in the middle ear and ear wax build up 2. Helping those who have difficulty hearing a. speak clearly, don’t shout, face the person directly b. reduce background noise, keep hands away from face 3. How can you take care of your ears – Safety helmet, ear plugs, be careful when cleaning, don’t put anything in your ears, watch how loudly you listen to your Ipods!

50. Sign Language