Federal Research Funding: Impact of a New Administration and Changed Global Economic Climate

1. Federal Research Funding: Impact of a New Administration and Changed Global Economic Climate John McGrath and Maria Burka Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental and Transport Systems Division November 11, 2009

2. Outline • NSF/ENG organization charts • Budget and trends • EFRI • Building Engineered Comples Systems (BECS) • CDI Directorate for Engineering

3. Directorate for Engineering (ENG) Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology Mihail Roco Office of the Assistant Director Thomas Peterson, Assistant Director Michael Reischman, Deputy Assistant Director Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (EFRI) Sohi Rastegar Program Director for Diversity & Outreach Omnia El-Hakim Engineering Education and Centers (EEC) Allen Soyster Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET) John McGrath Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI) Steven McKnight Electrical, Communications, and Cyber Systems (ECCS) Robert Trew Industrial Innovation and Partnerships (IIP) Kesh Narayanan Directorate for Engineering

4. Directorate for Engineering

5. Budget and Trends • FY 2009 Budget • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) • FY 2010 NSF Budget • Proposal pressures and trends Directorate for Engineering

6. Coordinated Three Budgets • FY 2009 • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) • FY 2010 budget request from President submitted Directorate for Engineering

7. NSF Budget Summary Dollars in billions Directorate for Engineering

8. NSF Research and Related Activities (R&RA) Dollars in millions. Totals may not add due to rounding.

9. NSF Budget ($B) ARRA Directorate for Engineering

10. ENG and SBIR/STTR Budgets ($M) Directorate for Engineering

11. Funding Rates for Competitive NSF Awards, 2005–2009 Directorate for Engineering

12. Mean Award Size, 2005–2009 Directorate for Engineering

13. Median Award Size, 2005–2009 Directorate for Engineering

14. ENG Unsolicited Proposal Submissions Directorate for Engineering

15. ARRA Impacts • Young Investigators • 80 additional CAREER awards • 16 additional GRF [above the 80 Women in Engineering (WENG) GRF Fellows funded annually by ENG] • 1 additional IGERT in the area of energy • 40 postdocs in industry • High Risk / High Reward Research • 7 additional EFRI awards • Translational Research • 257 additional small businesses (50% increase) • 9 additional I/UCRCs Directorate for Engineering

16. ARRA Priorities for NSF • Increase success rate for highly meritorious research proposals • Emphasize support for early investigators • No new solicitations • Additional funding for two prior solicitations: • Major Research Instrumentation (2nd round) • Academic Research Infrastructure Directorate for Engineering

17. Growth in ENG Research Support to Broaden Participation • Broadening Participation Research Initiation Grants in Engineering (BRIGE) • 38 total in FY 2009 (28 regular appropriation + 10 ARRA) (28 total in FY 2008) • Reaching out to 9 new locations, including Hawaii and Puerto Rico (see maps) • Graduate Research Supplements (GRS) • 29 total in FY 2009 (12 CBET, 9 CMMI, 5 ECCS, 2 EEC, and 1 EFRI) Directorate for Engineering

18. Growth in ENG Outreach to Broaden Participation National and International Workshops • Address topics of community importance • Involve faculty and students • Leverage NSF funding and increase others’ commitment to goals through partnerships Collaboration with Professional Organizations • Provide mentoring and strengthen community networks • Engage students, faculty, and community members • Disseminate resources and develop curricula Directorate for Engineering

19. FY 2008 BRIGE Awards WA ME ND MT OR MN WI ID SD NY MI WY IA PA NV NE OH IN IL UT WV CO CA VA KS MO KY NC TN AZ OK NM AR SC Awardees 5 4 2 1 None AL GA MS TX LA FL AK HI PR Directorate for Engineering

20. FY 2009 BRIGE Awards WA ME ND MT OR MN WI ID SD NY MI WY IA PA NV NE OH IN IL UT WV CO CA VA KS MO KY NC TN AZ OK NM AR SC Awardees 8 4 2 1 None AL GA MS TX LA FL AK HI PR Directorate for Engineering

21. ENG Update • AdCom business • New ENG staff • Budget and trends • Priorities • Emerging areas Directorate for Engineering

22. Presidential Priorities • Energy and climate • Cyber-infrastructure • Nanotechnology • Convergence of biology and the physical sciences/engineering • Innovation • Crosscutting priorities • Increasing support for high-risk/high-return research • Tripling the number of GRFs • Increasing support for early investigators Directorate for Engineering

23. FY 2010 NSF Initiatives • Climate Change Science Program • National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) • Networking and Information Technology R&D • Climate Research • Cyber-enabled Discovery and Innovation (CDI) • Science and Engineering Beyond Moore’s Law (SEBML) Directorate for Engineering

24. Other ENG Investments • Sustainability • RE-ENERGYSE: REgaining our ENERGY Science and Engineering Edge, in collaboration with Dept. of Energy • Bioeconomy • Innovation Directorate for Engineering

25. Emerging Frontiers inResearch and Innovation -- EFRI Sohi Rastegar Director Directorate for Engineering

26. OUTLINE EFRI Description and Active Topics Early results FY 2009 Awards FY 2010 Solicitation FY 2011 Status (Community Input) Discussion Questions Directorate for Engineering

27. EFRI - “One Slide Description” ✪ TRANSFORMATIVE ✪ NATIONAL NEED/GRAND CHALLENGE ✪ INTERDISCIPLINARY • Established on October 1, 2006, EFRI supports higher risk, transformative opportunities leading to: • new research areas for NSF, ENG, and other agencies • new industries/capabilities resulting in a leadership position • significant progress on advancing a “grand challenge” • Successful topics would likely require: • small- to medium-sized interdisciplinary teams • the necessary time to demonstrate substantial progress and evidence for follow-on funding through other established mechanisms • The current investment for EFRI totals $25 million for 4-year awards at $500k per year. Directorate for Engineering

28. Post-EFRI SupportPossible Routes Possible routes Centers Programs (ERC, STC, other) New Program in a Division Change/Restructure an existing Program New Program at interface of Divisions IDR opportunity http://nsf.gov/eng/general/IDR/index.jsp Other Agencies Directorate for Engineering

29. EFRI Active Topics and Personnel FY 2007 FY 2008 Auto-Reconfigurable Engineered Systems (ARES) Kishan Baheti, ECCS Maria Burka, CBET Bruce Hamilton, CBET Glen Larsen, IIP Abhi Deshmukh*,CMMI Scott Midkiff*, ECCS Stephen Nash*, CMMI Mario Rotea*, CMMI Cellular and Biomolecular Engineering (CBE) Robert Wellek, CBET Lynn Preston, EEC Fred Heineken*, CBET Jimmy Hsia*, CMMI Lenore Clesceri*, CBET Cognitive Optimization (COPN) Paul Werbos, ECCS Semahat Demir, CBET Eduardo Misawa, CMMI Stephen Nash*, CMMI Lynn Preston, EEC Kenneth Whang, CISE Scott Midkiff*, ECCS Fred Heineken*, CBET Resilient and Sustainable Infrastructures (RESIN) Joy Pauschke, CMMI Bruce Hamilton, CBET William Schultz, CBET Richard Fragaszy, CMMI Barbara Kenny, EEC Matthew Realff*, CMMI Dennis Wenger, CMMI Dagmar Niebur*, ECCS How Cells Work: Uniting Engineering & Biology Learning From The Brain Systems that Modify Themselves Building Resilient & Sustainable Interdependent Infrastructures FY 2009 Biosensing & Bioactuation (BSBA) S. Chi Liu , CMMI Y. Gianchandani, ECCS Hydrocarbon from Biomass (HyBi) George Antos, CBET J. Regalbuto*, CBET D. Niebur*, ECCS Building On Nature Team Coordinators Directorate for Engineering * Former PD/IPA EFRI PDs: http://nsf.gov/staff/staff_list.jsp?org=EFRI&from_org=EFRI

30. NAE GRAND CHALLENGES BSBA RESTOR ARES SEED RESIN CBE COPN HyBi Directorate for Engineering

31. Early Result (CBE Topic)An EFRI Technology Checkerboard pattern comprised of stem cells (green) and breast cancer cells (red). (~ 2mm by 2mm) Led by Karen J. Burg (Clemson University), with Didier Dreau (University of North Carolina-Charlotte), M. Ross Leadbetter (University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill), and Jason D. McNeill (Clemson University), entitled, Emerging Frontiers in 3-D Breast Cancer Tissue Test Systems” (0736007). Drop-on-Demand Rapid Prototyping Multiple Cell-types Allow in-vitro biologically relevant systems Cancer biologists can test relevant hypotheses Directorate for Engineering

32. Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation COPN Fiscal Year 2008 Awards Determining how the brain controls the hand Led byFrancisco Valero-Cuevas of the University of Southern California, in collaboration with Chang Liu of Northwestern University,Yoky Matsuoka of the University of Washington, and Emanuel Todorov of the University of California, San Diego (0836042) Directorate for Engineering

33. FY 2009 AWARDS Directorate for Engineering

34. FY 2009 Awards • Solicitation released in September 2008. • 261 pre-proposals were submitted on December 2nd, 2008. • 81 were invited and 80 Submittedfull proposals by April 30, 2009 • 20 Awards made: 12 BSBA; 8 HyBi • 7 Awards were made possible by ARRA (Stimulus) Funds. Directorate for Engineering

35. Shedding light on cancer’s origins Creating intelligent eyes Reading and writing brain information A functional contact lens Sensing immune cells Creating an image with chemicals Touch-sensitive artificial skin Controlling fluids, insect-style Fabricating fibers as powerful as butterfly proboscises Designing artificial DNA Patterning smarter materials after fish Plant-inspired adaptive structures Biosensing and Bioactuation (BSBA) FY 2009 Key Idea: creating revolutionary capabilities in sensing and response for health, infrastructure, and the environment Directorate for Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/eng/efri/fy09awards_BSBA.jsp

36. Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation BSBA FY 2009 Awards Shedding light on cancer’s origins • The researchers aim to develop a technique using light (Partial Wave Scattering, PWS) to sense the complexity of cellular architecture at the nanoscale. • They will use it to understand changes in cell structures due to cancer and their role in cancer progression. • A non-invasive technique that works on accessible tissues could enable the ambitious goal of population-wide screening for a wide range of major cancers. Credit: Nicolle Rager Fuller, NSF Led by Vadim Backman, in collaboration with colleagues Hemant K. Roy and Igal Szleifer, all from Northwestern University (0937987). Directorate for Engineering

37. Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation BSBA FY 2009 Awards Creating intelligent eyes • Inspired by six types of natural eyes, they seek to incorporate elements of natural visual systems into integrated, intelligent, micro imaging systems without anatomic and physiological constraints. • The new system may surpass natural and engineered systems, both in terms of imaging performance and brain-like intelligent control. • Discoveries could impact endoscopy tools, optics and electronics, cameras, and artificial vision. Credit, T to B: Godfrey R. Bourne; Hongrui Jiang and Xuefeng Zeng, Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison Led by Hongrui Jiang of the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He will collaborate with Li Zhang and James Ver Hoeve, also at Wisconsin; Christopher Murphy of the University of California, Davis; and John Rogers of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (0937847). Directorate for Engineering

38. Getting the most from biomass Breaking down lignin Quick conversion of biomass Fungal fermentation of cellulose for fuels Optimizing fuel production, from algae to biorefinery Algae processing made easy Unlocking the power of biocatalysts Cooking up hydrocarbons in a unique “pot” Hydrocarbons from Biomass (HyBi) FY 2009 ‘GREEN GASOLINE’ Key Idea: obtaining hydrocarbons from non-food plants and microorganisms for renewable energy and chemicals Directorate for Engineering http://www.nsf.gov/eng/efri/fy09awards_HyBi.jsp

39. Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation HyBi FY 2009 Awards Quick conversion of biomass • Their objective is to develop catalysts and reactor designs for converting solid biomass directly into gasoline-range hydrocarbons while generating electricity. • Understanding the underlying physical and chemical phenomena involved in catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) will help develop models to guide reactor design, scale-up, and optimization. • The team will also integrate CFP into a power cycle, so that excess heat from the process can produce electricity. Credit: Ben Barnhart Led by George Huber, with collaboration from researchers Scott Auerbach, Stephen de Bruyn Kops, Triantafillos J. Mountziaris, and W. Curt Conner, all from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst (0937895). Directorate for Engineering

40. Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation HyBi FY 2009 Awards Unlocking the power of biocatalysts • Some plants, insects, and algae produce simple hydrocarbons from CO2 and solar energy, an ability that comes from enzymes acting as biocatalysts. • The researchers will explore the genes and mechanisms behind such biocatalysts and how to integrate them into a host organism. • Optimizing an organism with the ability to generate hydrocarbons and controlling its production could offer a new source of renewable biofuels. Credit: Jacqueline V. Shanks Led by Jacqueline V. Shanks of Iowa State University, in collaboration with Basil J. Nikolau, and Tom Bobik of Iowa State, Govind S. Nadathur of the University of Puerto Rico–Mayagüez, and Gordon Wolfe of California State University (0938157). Directorate for Engineering

41. FY 2010 Solicitation Directorate for Engineering

42. EFRI Topics Selected for FY 2010 CROSS-NSF AND INTERAGENCY COORDINATION- NSF(ENG, MPS, CISE, SBE), DOE, EPA Renewable Energy Storage (RESTOR) Science in Energy and Environmental Design (SEED): Engineering Sustainable Buildings Directorate for Engineering

43. Fundamental breakthroughs to overcome a key barrier (i.e., large-scale utilization) to broad utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind New computational tools and intelligent systems to open up new paths for designing novel multifunctional materials with the desired physical and chemical properties Design of new nanostructures and metamaterials that enable high energy storage in compact form and can withstand extreme environmental conditions RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE (RESTOR) [Expected Example Transformative Benefits] Directorate for Engineering

44. Science in Energy and Environmental Design (SEED): Engineering Sustainable Buildings[Expected Example Transformative Benefits] To transform our engineering research to move the building industry towards a science-based energy and environmental design for engineering sustainable buildings. To transform the materials, devices and control systems used to produce, store and distribute alternative energy in buildings. To transform building systems design and management software to solve complex interacting-system problems with interoperable, integrated, and user-friendly computational tools. Directorate for Engineering

45. Important Dates EFRI 2010 (NSF 09-606)http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2009/nsf09606/nsf09606.htm Sep 17, 2009 Information Webcast Oct 9, 2009 Letters of Intent Due (required) 385 RECEIVED (265 SEED, 120 RESTOR) Nov 13, 2009 Preliminary Proposals Deadline March 31, 2010 Full Proposals Deadline (by invitation only) Directorate for Engineering

46. FY 2010: Additional Exploratory Investment Building Engineered Complex Systems NSF 09-610 To Develop a  theoretical basis of engineered complex systems (where the emergent behaviors or structures are not evident from considering only the system's separate components). EFRI, CBET, CMMI, ECCS, and MPS/DMS and OMA $4M Total ($2M from EFRI) Deadline: January 19, 2010 "seed funding" for small teams of innovative engineers and mathematical scientists. 2-year; $200K-$300K Directorate for Engineering

47. BECS – Key Requirement • Eligibility: Multiple PIs. At least one co-PI must be an engineer and at least one co-PI must be a mathematical scientist (a mathematician or statistician). Proposals that do not meet this criterion will be returned without review. See FAQ’s!!!! • Engineer: primary appointment dept. with “engineering” or “systems science” in name • Mathematical scientist: primary appt. in dept. of mathematics or statistics, or PhD in math or statistics, etc. • One person can not qualify under both criteria! Directorate for Engineering

48. BECS • At least 2 PIs, no cap on max number of PIs • Exploratory projects not to exceed 2 years • Expect to make 12 to 20 awards • No cap on budgets, but suggest ~$200K to $300K for 2 years • Don’t know future fate Directorate for Engineering

49. FY 2011 Topic Selection Directorate for Engineering

50. EFRI TOPIC SELECTION TIMELINE Program Directors are the Kernel of Integration and Leaders for EFRI Topics • Continuous Community Input (Publications, Conferences, AdCom, COVs, Panels, Workshops, …) • Explicit Community Input through Website (Dear Colleague Letter; September Deadline) • Fall Advisory Committee (October) • Program Directors’ Retreat(Jan): • TOPICS ARE DISCUSSED AND CRITIQUED • ENG Leadership Retreat (March) • TOPICS ARE FINALIZED • Spring Advisory Committee (April) • TOPICS ARE ANNOUNCED Directorate for Engineering