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Pest Management Methods

Pest Management Methods. Lecture 15. Student Learning Outcomes. Outline what methods are appropriate for managing stored-product pests Think of ways you can combine different pest management methods Assessment by instructor: Ability to answer quizzes and second lecture exam questions.

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Pest Management Methods

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  1. Pest Management Methods Lecture 15

  2. Student Learning Outcomes • Outline what methods are appropriate for managing stored-product pests • Think of ways you can combine different pest management methods • Assessment by instructor: • Ability to answer quizzes and second lecture exam questions

  3. Steps in Using an IPM Strategy • Identification of the problem • Assessment of damage • Cost-benefit analysis • Selection of management tactics • Implementation of management tactics • Efficacy assessment • Follow-up periodic assessment

  4. IPM Tactics • Do nothing! • Regulations • Host resistance • Biological control • Pathogens • Cultural techniques • Physical and mechanical techniques • Chemical modification of behavior • Disruption of physiology

  5. Do Nothing • What pest have you identified? • Is the pest really doing harm? • How much damage can be sustained without an economic loss? • In a successful pest management program, only monitoring for the resulting pest population may be needed

  6. Regulatory Control • Quarantine: limits movement of a pest • Eradication: must be applied to relatively small geographic areas • Suppression: limits pest levels over large geographic areas

  7. Host Resistance • Non-preference: host characteristics that lead away from the use of host for food • Antibiosis: deleterious effects on pest survival resulting from feeding on a resistant host • Tolerance: ability of a host to support a pest population that would be damaging to a susceptible host • Use in stored products is limited!

  8. Biological Control • Introduction of natural enemies of the pest • Conservation of natural enemies by careful use of insecticides • Augmentation of natural enemies to increase their numbers by manipulating the environment

  9. Pathogens • Viruses • Bacteria • Fungi: Require favorable conditions for development of epizootics (not very specific) • Protozoa • Nematodes

  10. Cultural techniques • Sanitation • Stock rotation • Modification of the terrain (to drain excess water)

  11. Physical and Mechanical Techniques • Heat or cold • Light traps • Entoleters or infestation destroyers (impact machines) • Pneumatic conveying • Grain turning • Ultrasound • Snap traps • Glue boards

  12. Chemical Modification of Behavior • Sex pheromones • Aggregation Pheromones • Oviposition deterring pheromones • Alarm pheromones • Trail pheromones • Repellents • Feeding deterrents

  13. Chemical Disruption of Physiology • Synthetic pesticides • Disrupts normal physiological functions

  14. Integration of Techniques • Think how you would be able to combine two or more tactics for managing a pest • The techniques can be used together or sequentially • It is important to use different tactics to prevent pests from developing resistance (physiological or behavioral) • Integrating techniques also prolongs the use of available pest management tactics

  15. Integration of Techniques • Resistant packaging and removal of damaged packages and using sanitation

  16. Integration of Techniques • Heat treatment and diatomaceous earth (DE) By using DE, insects can be killed at temperatures less than 50oC

  17. Integration of Techniques • Traps and pathogens • Insects are attracted to the trap with a pheromone, but not captured (no sticky surface) • The insect contacts the pathogen applied as a dust • The insect contacts others during mating and transfers the pathogen

  18. Integration of Techniques • Vegetable oil and insecticide • reduced by half the amount of pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic) needed to kill 100% of granary weevils in stored wheat

  19. Integration of Techniques • Insecticide and cooling • pyrethroid insecticides are more toxic to stored-product insects at lower temperatures • lower temperatures limit pest population growth and reduce pesticide degradation Please think of how you would integrate different methods for pest management in mills!

  20. Questions • In a food plant, think of a scenario where you would do nothing for a particular pest population. • When is legislative control important? • Why is introduction of beneficial organisms into a food plant undesirable? • Is sanitation physical, mechanical, or cultural control? • List a few insect management tactics that work in a food plant.

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