Describe early attempts by the United States to expand in the Pacific.

1. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 Objectives • Describe early attempts by the United States to expand in the Pacific. • List the reasons many Americans came to favor expansion. • Explain how the United States gained the territories of Samoa and Hawaii. • Describe how the United States protected its trading rights in China.

2. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 Terms and People • Matthew C. Perry– Commodore of the Navy who led a squadron of U.S. warships to Japan to open trade with the nation • isolationism– policy of avoiding involvement in other countries’ affairs • imperialism– building empires by imposing political and economic control over peoples around the world

3. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 Terms and People (Continued) • Liliuokalani– Queen of Hawaii who advocated for Hawaiian independence • sphere of influence– areas where another nation has economic and political control • annex – take over

4. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 How did the United States acquire new territory and expand trade in the Asia-Pacific region? In the mid-1800s, the United States was ready to take on new challenges. Finding new trading partners Acquiring new land

5. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 U.S. merchants longed to trade with Japan, which had blocked outside trade for 250 years. In 1853, Matthew C. Perryled U.S. warships into Tokyo Bay. The Japanese were awed by Perry’s ships. In 1854, Japan agreed to trade with the U.S. This became known as the Treaty of Kanagawa, which also included that Japan would help shipwrecked sailors.

6. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 In 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William Seward arranged the purchase of Alaska from Russia. • He hoped to open trade in Asia and the Pacific. • Critics thought the land was worthless. They called the deal “Seward’s Folly.” Alaska turned out to be rich in gold, oil, and other resources.

7. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 Until the late 1800s, American foreign policy differed from that of many European nations. America The U.S. generally pursued a policy of isolationism.It did not get involved in other nations’ affairs. European Nations Many nations undertook a policy of imperialism. They wanted to expand into new territories.

8. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 In the late 1800s, America was gripped by a new spirit of expansionism. Supporters made several arguments about the benefits of expansionism. Expansionism Promote economic growth Spread American values

9. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 Causes and Effects of U.S. Expansionism • Causes • Western frontier closes. • European nations acquire overseas colonies and compete for resources and markets. • U.S. industry needs to acquire raw materials and find new markets in which to sell its products. • Some in the U.S. want to spread American culture and values. • Effects • U.S. navy grows in size and power. • U.S. gains control of territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific. • U.S. issues Open Door Policy (all nations can trade with China). • U.S. builds Panama Canal. • U.S. sends troops to Latin American nations to protect its interests.

10. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 U.S. expansionists expressed interest in many Pacific Island chains, including Samoa. Three nations fought for Samoa. U.S. Britain Samoa In 1899, the U.S. and Germany divided Samoa. Germany The people of Samoa had no say in the matter.

11. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 Americans also eyed Hawaii,because its location was ideal for amilitary outpost between the U.S. and Asia. American planters came to Hawaii and set up huge sugar plantations. Planters forced the Hawaiian king to accept a new constitution. 1820 1887 Liliuokalani became Hawaii’s queen. She advocated for Hawaiian independence. 1891

12. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 In 1893, American planters organized an uprising that ultimately led the U.S. to annex Hawaii. A U.S. official sent 50 Marines to Hawaii. The Marines overthrew the queen. Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898. President Cleveland declared the revolt illegal. President McKinley signed a treaty to annex Hawaii.

13. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 Expansion across the Pacific allowed the U.S. to gain resources, open new markets, andencourage trade.

14. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 In the late 1800s, China was weakened by war. Other nations took advantage of this weakness. European powers and Japan forced China to grant them land and trading rights. They divided China into spheres of influence. U.S. Secretary of State wanted to keep an “open door” in China. He wanted to preserve trade with China.

15. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 In 1900, the U.S. helped end the Boxer Rebellion in China. • The Boxers opposed foreigners in China. • They staged a violent rebellion in 1900. The U.S. and other powers sent troops to end the rebellion.

16. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 To prevent the other powers from seizing Chinese territory, Secretary Hay issued a second Open Door note. Open Door Policy America intended to preserve open trade with other nations. China should not be broken up into separate pieces.

17. The American Nation Ch. 23, Section 1 Section Review QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz