1 / 13

IMMUNE SYST E M MODULATION

IMMUNE SYST E M MODULATION. i mmunomodulation: therapeutic manipulation with the immune system immunopotentiation: enhancement (optimalisation) of the immune response immunisation: passive active to prevent infection

bedros
Télécharger la présentation

IMMUNE SYST E M MODULATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. IMMUNE SYSTEM MODULATION

  2. immunomodulation: therapeutic manipulation with the immune system immunopotentiation: enhancement (optimalisation) of the immune response immunisation: passive active to prevent infection therapeutic administration of immunomodulators IMMUNE SYSTEM MODULATION

  3. IMMUNE SYSTEM MODULATION immunopotentiation: local systemic mucosal immunosubstitution: administration of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) agammaglobulinemia, hypogammaglobulinemia immunorestauration: bone marrow transplantation

  4. IMMUNOPOTENTIATING AGENTS: nutrition elements immunomodulators of microbial origin: whole bacterial cells (BCG) immunotherapy of adenoca of urine vesicle bacterial lysates: mixture of undefined (or semidefined) bacterial compounds treatment of chronic respiratory and urinary infections (bronchovaxom, etc.) mechanisms of action: activation of macrophages active immunisation

  5. chemical immunomodulators: stimulation of T cell immunity antiviral and anticancer activity levamisol, isoprinosine thymic hormons: stimulation of T cell immunity thymosin recombinant cytokines: produced by biotechnology in recombinant form rCSF: stimulation of myeloid cells differentiation (leukopenic patients) recombinant interferons: antiviral and antitumor effects recombinant interleukins: rIL-2 (antitumor effect)

  6. CONCLUSIONS: laboratory evidence of defect is recommended immediate risk of administration is low risk of late autoimmune immunopathological diseases could be acknownledged

  7. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION - to downmodulate inappropriate immune reactions - to downmodulate autoimmune immunopathological reactivity - numerous side effects of immunosuppression - development of more selective drugs

  8. non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs • inhibition of cyclooxigenase (COX) catalysing metabolism • of arachidonic acide • - decreased production of prostaglandins and leukotriens • - acetylosalic acid, numerous other drugs • - COX2: inducible enzyme • inflammatory response • new inhibitors without side effect

  9. 2) glucocorticoids • - the most useful antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs • - lipophilic compounds difusion into the cell • - cytoplasmic receptor • - translocation into nucleus • - serves as transcription factors (GRE: glucocorticoid response elements) • inhibition of transcription of proinflammatory cytokines genes • (IL-1, TNF, IL-6) • - induction of lipocortins which inhibit phospholipase A2 • - induction of apoptosis of lymphocytes • - inhibition of T cell functions • - downmodulation of proinflammatory cytokines • - inhibition of granulocyte functions

  10. 3) chemotherapeutics • - action on the level of DNA • - antiproliferative effect • - cytotoxic effect • antimetabolits: • metothrexate, asathioprine • b) mitotic drugs: • colchicine • c) alkylating drugs: • cyclophosphamide: • inhibition of autoantibodies production

  11. 4) selective immunosupresive drugs of biological origin a) ciclosporin A, FK-506: lipophilic compounds, diffusion through cell membrane intracellular receptors (immunophilins) inhibition of NF-AT transcription factor inhibition of IL-2 transcription selective inhibition of CD4+ T cells immunosuppression after transplantation modulation of immunopathological inflammatory response b) rapamycin: inhibition of signalling from receptors for cytokines c) antilymphocyte immunoglobulins: polyclonal antiserum raised in animals directed against T cells treatment of acute rejection

  12. d) monoclonal antibodies: directed against functionally important molecules on leukocytes originally of mouse origin (development of xenoantibodies) chimeric antibodies (Fc fragment is of human origin) humanized antibodies (only antigen-binding sites are of mouse origin) antibodies against CD3, CD4, IL-2R, others immunosuppression after transplantation selective treatment of autoimmune immunopathological inflammation antibodies against cytokines: inhibition of cytokine action (TNF)

  13. Conclusion: • numerous drugs with antiinflammatory • and immunosuppressive activities are in development • very promising target is chemokine network • the need for more selective and potent • antiinflammatory drugs

More Related