The New Imperialism 1800-1914 Chapter 24

1. The New Imperialism1800-1914Chapter 24

2. 24-1 A Western Dominated World

3. The New Imperialism and its Causes • Not the first time in 1800s • Americas, not in Asia or Africa • Industrial Revolution fueled it • Economic Interests • Rubber, petroleum, manganese, and palm oil • Political and Military Interests • Bases • prestige

4. Humanitarian Goals • “little brothers” • Medicine, law, Christianity • Social Darwinism • Racial superiority

5. The Success of Western Imperialism • Weakness of Nonwestern States • Draining effect of slave trade had undermined established empires • Not strong enough • Western Advantages: • Resistance • Reform culture • Nationalist movements to expel imperialists

6. Criticism at Home • Why would someone be against imperialism?

7. Forms of Imperial Rule • Direct v. indirect rule • France v. England • Colonies • Protectorates • Spheres of Influence

8. 24-2 The Partition of Africa

9. Africa in the Early 1800s • Diverse • North Africa • Close ties to Islam; declining Ottoman • West Africa • jihad • East Africa • Slavery, ivory, copper • Southern Africa • Shaka Zulu • The Slave Trade • Outlawed in West • Sierra Leone and Liberia

10. European Contacts Increase • Medicine, steamships • Explorers • Niger, the Nile, Congo • Missionaries • Children in need of guidance

11. A Scramble for Colonies • King Leopold II of Belgium spoke of a civilized mission to carry the light “that for millions of men still plunged in barbarism will be the dawn of a better era.” --Privately, he dreamed of conquest and profit. • Sent troops to Congo setting off other European nations to rival claims of region.

12. Berlin Conference • 1884, no Africans • Horrors in the Congo • Forced labor • Brutalizing villagers • Beatings • Population • French Expansion • Tunisia, West and Central Africa • As big as the continental ___

13. Britain Takes Its Share • Clashed with Boars • By 1910, the British formed the Union of South Africa • Others Join the Scramble • Portugal, Germany, Spanish, Italy, France, Belgium

14. Africans Resist Imperialism • Ethiopia Survives • How was King Menelik II able to preserve Ethiopia? • Liberia

15. 24-3 European Challenges to the Muslim World

16. Stresses in the Muslim World • The Muslim world extended from western Africa to Southeast Asia. In the 1500s, three giant Muslim empires ruled much of this world- the Mughals in ______, the Ottomans in the __________, and the Safavids in ____. • Empires in Decline • Weak central control • Internal conflict

17. Islamic Reform Movement • European Imperialism • Sphere of influence • Special rights for Europeans

18. Problems for the Ottoman • European states sought to benefit from the slow crumbling of the Ottoman Empire. • Efforts to Westernize • Railroads • Education • Military • Pros and Cons • Young Turks

19. Massacre of Armenians • _______ caused Ottoman tension to grow against Armenians, a minority Christian people. • Genocide • Why? • Result:

20. Egypt Seeks to Modernize • Muhammad Ali • “father of modern Egypt” • Tax collection • Landholding system • Cotton production • Military

21. The Suez Canal • In 1859, French entrepreneur, Ferdinand de Lessps, organized a company to build the Suez Canal. • Europe to South and East Asia • Egypt’s inability to pay debts led to…

22. Iran and the European Powers • Began European reform in 1794 to 1925 • Russia and Britain • Sphere of influence • Concessions • Military troops in Iran

23. 24-4 The British Take Over India

24. East India Company and Sepoy Rebellion • Exploiting Indian Diversity • Unification problems • weapons • British Policies • Christianity • Caste system • sati • Causes of Discontent • Sepoys travel • Widows • Cartridges

25. Rebellion and Aftermath • Massacre British • British torched villages • Rule of India shifts to ______. • More troops sent to India

26. British Colonial Rule • Ruled by viceroys • Justification • Unequal partnership • Cotton, jute, coal • Unequal partnership, favoring the British • Machine made textiles • Forced cash crops

27. Population Growth and Famine • Benefits of British Rule

28. Different Views on Culture • Indian Attitudes • Some Indians were impressed • Ram Mohun Roy • Learn from the West • Caste, child marriage, sati, purdah • Western Attitudes • Hinduism and Buddhism • “a single shelf of a good European library is worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia”

29. Indian Nationalism • Indian National Congress • Supported self-rule but supported western-style modernization • Muslim League • Muslims grew to resent _____ domination of Congress party. • In 1906, Muslims formed the Muslim League. Why?

30. 24-5 China and the New Imperialism

31. The Trade Issue • The Canton System • China enjoyed a trade surplus • Westerners had a trade deficit • The Opium War • In the late 1700s England was selling opium to China. • By 1839 China banned the drug. Why? • Chinese easily defeated

32. Unequal Treaties • Indemnity • Extraterritoriality • Missionaries • colonies

33. Internal Problems • Declining Qing dynasty • The Taiping Rebellion • Most devastating peasant revolt in history • “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace” • Hong Xiuquan • Wanted reform such as: • Effects • Depopulation • decentralization • Vulnerability

34. Reform Efforts • Disapproval of western missionaries • Individual choice • Ci Xi • Self Strengthening Movement • Reform with help • War With Japan • Westernization led to Japanese imperialism in 1894 • Taiwan • Spheres of Influence • Open Door Policy • French, British, German • Hundred Days of Reform • Failed, why?

35. The Qing Dynasty Falls • Anger against Christian and foreigners • Discontent against foreign troops • Boxer Uprising • 1899 The Righteous Harmonious Fists • “foreign devils” • Aftermath of Uprising • Reform • westernization

36. Three Principles of the People • Sun Yixian • Nationalism • Democracy • livelihood • Birth of a Republic • Ci Xi dies in 1908 • Sun Yixian named president of Chinese republic • For the next 37 years, China was at war internally or externally