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The Height of Imperialism 1800 - 1914

The Height of Imperialism 1800 - 1914. Chapter 21. Timeline. 1819 – British colony of Singapore 1848 – Mexico loses almost half of its territory to the United States 1855 – David Livingstone is first European to see Victoria Falls 1879 – Zulu king meets with British ambassadors

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The Height of Imperialism 1800 - 1914

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  1. The Height of Imperialism1800 - 1914 Chapter 21

  2. Timeline • 1819 – British colony of Singapore • 1848 – Mexico loses almost half of its territory to the United States • 1855 – David Livingstone is first European to see Victoria Falls • 1879 – Zulu king meets with British ambassadors • 1880 – “New Imperialism” begins

  3. Timeline, cont • 1884 – France make the Vietnam Empire a protectorate • 1896 – Britain and France agree to maintain Thailand as a buffer state • 1898 – The United States defeats Spain for control over the Philippines • 1900 – Virtually all of SE Asia is under European rule • 1910 – Emiliano Zapata leads peasant movement in Mexico

  4. Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia • Vocabulary • Imperialism – extension of a nation’s power over other lands • Protectorate – political unit that depends on another government for its protection • Indirect rule – local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status in a new colonial setting • Direct rule – local elites are removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials brought from the mother country

  5. The New Imperialism • Nineteenth century - Western expansion into Asia and Africa begins • These nations were a source of industrial raw materials • Market for manufactured goods • Oil, tin, rubber needed to fuel European economies

  6. Imperialism, cont. • 1880s – Europe begins to scramble for overseas territory. • Instead of “trading posts” in countries, Europe looked for direct control of countries. • Europeans wanted more of a direct control over raw materials that were being imported

  7. Reasons for Expansion • Strong economic motive • Looking for economic markets for products • Raw materials – rubber, oil, tin needed • Looking for more direct control of areas with raw materials

  8. Reason for Expansion, cont. • Heated rivalries with European states • Colonies source of national prestige for countries • European states sought to acquire colonies abroad in order to gain an advantage over their rivals • Imperialism tied to Social Darwinism and Racism • Best survive and certain races are superior to others

  9. Reasons for Expansion, cont. • Europeans also saw Expansion as a religious obligation to spread Christianity • Humanitarian approach – Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize “primitive” people • “white man’s burden”

  10. Colonial Takeover in SE Asia • Great Britain • “The sun never sets on the British empire.” • Singapore – major stepping point for traffic going to or from China. • Burma – wanted control to protect its possessions in India.

  11. France • Missionaries in Vietnam • Local authorities saw missionaries as threat to Confucian doctrine • Makes Vietnamese Empire a French protectorate (dependent on France for protection)

  12. Free States • Siam (Thailand) - only country in SE Asia free • King Mongkut (The King and I) • Son, King Chulalongkorn • Both promoted Western learning and maintained friendly relations with the major European powers • In 1896, Britain and France agreed to maintain Siam as an independent buffer state in SE Asia

  13. The United States • 1898: Spanish-American War • Under the leadership of Commodore George Dewey, the U.S. defeats Spain in Manila Bay in the Philippines. • President McKinley makes the Philippines a colony. • Emilio Aguinaldo revolts against • the U.S. but U.S. keeps control • Takes control of Puerto Rico and Guam

  14. Direct vs. Indirect Rule • Dutch East Indies example of Indirect Rule. Local landed aristocrats controlled their own government. Indirect rule was less costly and more convenient • Burma had direct rule as the monarchy opposed colonial rule. • Indochina had both

  15. Colonial Economies • Raw materials • Burma – teak wood • Malaya – rubber and tin • East Indies – spices, tea, coffee and palm oil • Philippines – sugar • Plantation agriculture in some countries • Peasants worked as wage laborers owned by foreign investors

  16. Benefits of Colonial Rule • Beginning of modern economic system • Colonial governments built railroads, highways, and other structures • Export market raised up entrepreneurial class • Most countries were against colonial rule though

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