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What’s the Term? #1) The huge family-controlled industrial enterprises that dominated the Japanese economy and worked closely with the government form the Meiji Restoration (1867-1868) to the period leading up to World War II (1939-1945). They were abolished in 1940 and were replaced by keiretsu after World War II.
zaibatsu #1) The huge family-controlled industrial enterprises that dominated the Japanese economy and worked closely with the government form the Meiji Restoration (1867-1868) to the period leading up to World War II (1939-1945). They were abolished in 1940 and were replaced by keiretsu after World War II.
What’s the Term? #2) A landholding official who collected taxes from peasants in Mughal India for the emperor. When the British colonized India, the Zamindars became landlords to whom peasants paid rent.
Zamindar #2) A landholding official who collected taxes from peasants in Mughal India for the emperor. When the British colonized India, the Zamindars became landlords to whom peasants paid rent.
What’s the Term? #3) Regional councils of the Russian nobility established after the emancipation of the serfs in 1861 to deal with education and local welfare issues. While the zemstvos served as an attempt to modernize the government, they were ultimately suppressed by the tsar, who desired complete autocracy.
zemstvos #3) Regional councils of the Russian nobility established after the emancipation of the serfs in 1861 to deal with education and local welfare issues. While the zemstvos served as an attempt to modernize the government, they were ultimately suppressed by the tsar, who desired complete autocracy.
What’s the Term? #4) A form of Buddhism originating in China but developing most fully in Japan. It is noted for its emphasis on meditation.
Zen Buddhism #4) A form of Buddhism originating in China but developing most fully in Japan. It is noted for its emphasis on meditation.
What’s the Term? #5) A Mesopotamian stepped pyramid that marked the center of a city. Unlike an Egyptian pyramid, a ziggurat was a solid structure of baked brick, an artificial hill at the summit of which stood a temple.
ziggurat #5) A Mesopotamian stepped pyramid that marked the center of a city. Unlike an Egyptian pyramid, a ziggurat was a solid structure of baked brick, an artificial hill at the summit of which stood a temple.
What’s the Term? #6) A movement that began in the late nineteenth century among European Jews to found a Jewish state, spearheaded by Theodor Herzl, who started the World Zionist Congress in Basel in 1897. Adolf Hitler’s attempted extermination of the Jews during World War II (1939-1945) prompted Western powers to support the idea and create the modern state of Israel in 1948.
Zionism #6) A movement that began in the late nineteenth century among European Jews to found a Jewish state, spearheaded by Theodor Herzl, who started the World Zionist Congress in Basel in 1897. Adolf Hitler’s attempted extermination of the Jews during World War II (1939-1945) prompted Western powers to support the idea and create the modern state of Israel in 1948.
What’s the Term? #7) A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Zarathustra (Zoroaster to the Greeks), which took hold in Persia and received a degree of state support during the Achaemenid dynasty (558-330 B.C.E.). Zarathustra proclaimed the deity Ahura Mazda to be the “father of Truth,” the only god in existence, and the representative of good in an ongoing struggle against evil. Persian kings were Zoroastrians who believed themselves to be agents of Ahura Mazda on Earth.
Zoroastrianism #7) A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Zarathustra (Zoroaster to the Greeks), which took hold in Persia and received a degree of state support during the Achaemenid dynasty (558-330 B.C.E.). Zarathustra proclaimed the deity Ahura Mazda to be the “father of Truth,” the only god in existence, and the representative of good in an ongoing struggle against evil. Persian kings were Zoroastrians who believed themselves to be agents of Ahura Mazda on Earth.
