Chapter 3: Core Lesson 2

1. Chapter 3: Core Lesson 2 New Ideas in Europe

2. The Renaissance • Renaissance= rebirth • Many important changes took place in Europe with learning, knowledge, art, writing, and science during the 1300s and 1400s.

3. Technology • Technology changed during the Renaissance. • Technology is the use of scientific knowledge and tolls to do things better and more rapidly. • Printing press • Astrolabe • Compass • Gunpowder

4. Printing Press • The printing press was developed by Johannes Gutenburg in 1454 and made it possible to print many copies of a page quickly. • Before the printing press, people had to copy books by hand!!! • The printing press allowed books and ideas to spread across Europe.

5. Johannes Gutenburg Printing press

6. New Knowledge for Sailors • New technology helped European exploration by making navigation easier and more accurate. • Navigation is the science of planning and controlling the direction of a ship.

7. New Knowledge for Sailors • Europeans learned about a navigation tool called the astrolabe from North Africans. • An astrolabe is a tool that measures the height of the sun or a star above the horizon. • The astrolabe helped sailors tell how far north or south of home they were

9. New Knowledge for Sailors • Europeans learned about the compass from North Africans. • A compass is an instrument with a magnetic needle that always points to the north. • Sailors did not have to depend on the sun or stars to tell them which direction they were traveling.

10. New Knowledge for Sailors • Gunpowder was a Chinese invention that helped European sailors. • They were able to use guns and cannons to defend their ships.

11. A Sea Route to Asia • Merchants believed if they could find a sea route to Asia, they would make more money. • In Asia, merchants bought spices such as pepper, and earned a profit by selling it for a higher price. • A profit is the money a business has left over after all of its expenses have been paid.

13. A Sea Route to Asia • A sea route to Asia would be thousands of miles longer than the Silk Road, but the sea trip would be faster. • Any country who could find that route, could trade more goods than countries that used the Silk Road.

14. Portugal • Portugal was the first European country to find a sea route to Asia. • Its location and coastline made it a good starting place for sailors. • They thought they could reach Asia by sailing around the southern tip of Africa. • From there, they hoped to sail up Africa’s east coast and find a route to India and China.

16. Portugal • Prince Henry of Portugal became known as “the Navigator” because he improved sailing knowledge in Portugal. • He brought shipbuilders, mapmakers, and sea captains to Sagres. • They shared their knowledge of navigation and sailing. • They created the caravel, a small, light ship with triangular sails.

17. Prince Henry the Navigator caravel

18. Slavery • In 1448, Portugal set up a trading post off the coast of West Africa. They forced Africans into slavery and sold them in Europe. • Slavery is a cruel system in which people are bought and sold and made to work without pay.

19. Bartolomeu Dias • In 1487, Bartolomeu Dias was exploring the west coast of Africa when a storm blew his ship off of course. • He had actually sailed around the southern tip of Africa and proved it was possible. • The Portuguese named the tip the Cape of Good Hope.

21. Vasco da Gama • Vasco da Dama led the first Portuguese voyage to India. • In 1498, his fleet reached the Indian port of Calicut. • Other sailors soon followed his route to India and used it for spice trading.