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LREC 2008 Morocco

Information Extraction Tools and Methods for Understanding Dialogue in a Companion R. Catizone, A. Dingli, H. Pinto and Y.Wilks University of Sheffield. LREC 2008 Morocco. Senior Companion. Developing a range of companions to assist the elderly. Photos. News. Yellow pages.

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LREC 2008 Morocco

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  1. Information Extraction Tools and Methods for Understanding Dialogue in a CompanionR. Catizone, A. Dingli, H. Pinto and Y.WilksUniversity of Sheffield LREC 2008 Morocco

  2. Senior Companion Developing a range of companions to assist the elderly Photos News Yellow pages

  3. The Senior Companion is about…

  4. Multimodal dialogue for building a picture of… …through his photographs the user

  5. Behind the scenes using the dialogue to …tag photos Octavia family holiday Venice 2007 summer

  6. Photos • A Photograph application for reminiscing about personal photos. • The user begins with a set of photos which will be input into the system in advance. • The system engages in conversation with the user about the photos. • The system will create a life narrative by extracting key facts from the user about his/her photos and the people, places and events that are represented. • The information about the photos can later be retrieved and displayed in a future user session. • Semantic features extracted during the dialogue will be automatically associated with the photos ( may include audio recordings)

  7. Life Narrative through Photos • Life Narrative - Dynamically builds segments of a person’s life that correspond to relationships with: • People and Places with respect to • Life events (Birthdays, marriages, etc) • Journeys and Travels • Special memories

  8. News • News reading • Live from BBC RSS feeds • Retrieved through categories • Sports, business, international, etc.

  9. Yellow pages (future) • To incorporate helping with everyday interactions such as yellow pages assistant for finding information. • Example for finding a plumber User: “Hello Morgan, my toilet is broken, I really need to find a plumber. Can you help me.” System: “Sure I can,the broken toilet is at your home on Hayfield Rd right? User: “Yes” System: ”Let me have a look and see what I can find.” User: “Ok” System: “Yes, I’ve found a local plumber in your area. Would you like me to get him on the phone using Skype.” User: “Yes please” System: “Ok here you go”

  10. The System

  11. Interface Layer Fusion Napier Interface Avatar Input Queue DialogAct Tagger NLU GATE TripleStore Dialog Manager NLG Senior Companion Architecture Output Manager

  12. Modules • Interface + Avatars • Face identification (Open CV) • Fusion • ASR • Natural Language Understanding • Dialogue Manager • Knowledge Representation/Reasoning • TTS

  13. Interface • Multimodal - speech and touch (using a touchscreen tablet) • Includes photos, avatar and text box • Currently designed to discuss user’s photos and read news. • Displays multiple photos at a time • Photo management • Photo selection

  14. Avatars • Experimenting with different avatars • Morgan (AAA) • Crazy Talk • Woman • Ken Dodd • Lion • A computer

  15. Interface (2)

  16. Interface (2) Please read me the news

  17. OpenCV • Face identification software • Finds the coordinates of all of the faces in a photo. • Cannot recognize the same face in more than one photo, but investigating face recognition software: Polar Rose

  18. Photo Applications • Also use digital photo metadata such as • Date and time • GPS coordinates • Photos that have annotations (Facebook) More information to start makes for more interesting dialogue

  19. SamuelCarter ThomasClark Ed Bloch Olivia Ford

  20. Fusion • Merges speech and pointing input “This is my daughter Octavia”

  21. ASR • Dragon Naturally Speaking • requires 10 minute training session • accuracy is high - up to 99% • application integrated with the SC • full integration of the code using the Nuance SDK planned for next version

  22. Natural Language Understanding • Sentence splitting • POS tagger • Parser • Annie Named Entity Recognizer (GATE, USFD) • person names (10,000) • locations (Web trawl) • 60 relation names • mother, brother, sister, friend, etc. • Dialogue Act Tagger (ALB). • Populates Ontology instances. • To use an IE approach for semantic interpretation

  23. NLU: The task so far … • Identify people and their relationships to the user and each other • Identify locations

  24. The process Utterance Gate Dialogue Act Tagger Annie Syntactic Parser Ontology Processing Syntactic and Semantic representation

  25. Noun Chunks Verb Phrases PRP VBD TO VB NNP PRP$ JJ NN RB IN PRP$ NN NNP Gate I went to meet Lynne, my old flatmate, together with my sister Francesca.

  26. Relationships Persons Annie I went to meet Lynne, my old flatmate, together with my sister Francesca.

  27. Syntactic Parser I went to meet Lynne, my old flatmate, together with my friend Francesca. Who is the sister and who is the flatmate? ((((I))((went)(((to)(meet)(Lynne)(,)(my)(old)(flatmate)(,)) ( (together))((with)( (my)(sister)(Francesca))))))(.))) (((I)(went((to meet Lynne , my old flatmate,) ( together)(with( my sister Francesca))))).)) (((I)(went((to meet Lynne , my old flatmate,) ( together)(with( my sister Francesca))))).)) Syntactic bindings will help us identify that!

  28. Ontology

  29. Reasoning • Allows us to infer new knowledge • Sister(My) = Francesca • Flatmate(My) = Lynne • If we have in the ontology: • Mother(My) = Mary • We can infer through the properties of the Sister relationship that • Mother(Francesca) = Mary • Daughter(Mary) = Francesca

  30. Knowledge Base • Relationships Ontology • Almost 40 person classes (mother, father, etc) • Almost 40 relationships (has friend, etc) Will be adding more … • Locations Ontology • Most continents, countries, regions, cities • Plus • several places of interests per region • top 10 things to do in cities Will be adding more …

  31. DAMSL Dialogue Act set * ASSERT ("This is my sister". Yes and no are also considered asserts, where they are responses to yes/no questions, thus abbreviated assertions.) * OFFER ("Shall we look at another picture?") * COMMIT ("Okay I'll do that") * EXPRESSION (All social expressions such as "you're welcome". Also things like "wow!" and "great!") * INFORMATION REQUEST (open question) * CONFIRMATION REQUEST (yes/no question) * REPEAT REQUEST ("Pardon?") * ACTION DIRECTIVE ("Show me another one." All imperatives.) * OPEN OPTION ("We could look at another picture." Stating an option in a way that doesn't demand an answer.) * OPENING ("Hi") * CLOSING ("Goodbye") * ANSWER (An answer is invariably also an assert. Yes/no answers are asserts.) * BACKCHANNEL ("Uhuh") * REPEAT REPHRASE (Expressing understanding by paraphrasing) * COMPLETION (Completing the utterance of the other speaker) * NON-UNDERSTANDING ("I don't understand") * CORRECTION (An assertion that corrects a previous assertion) * ACCEPT (Accepting a proposal) * REJECT (Rejecting a proposal)

  32. Semantic specification • Each dialogue begins with a user object and a picture object • User/Person objects have • name, people relations,age • Picture object • location, occasions, people, dates) User object Name Relations Age Person: Zoe Location Occasion People Occasion: Hilary Duff concert Picture object Location: Birmingham Person: Roisin, snooks

  33. Information Extraction in the SC • Why do we want to use IE for Semantic representation? User utterances are unstructured • Using GATE IE tools to create templates • Relationship between the Named Entities and the significant Events. • Categorize events into meaningful classes

  34. Information Extraction (2) • Example sentence ‘That is my daughter Zoe on the right’ • Simple Example template : Relation • Person1 Related-to Person2 • Related-to : is-relation • is-relation: is-daughter, is-mother etc. is-daughter: lexical string: ‘is my daughter’ • Filled IE Template Relation : [Person1=‘Zoe’], [Person2=‘Roberta’], [Related-to=is-daughter]

  35. SC Ontology SC Ontology for Inference “Here are my daughters, Zoe and Octavia in New York City” Infer using the family relations Ontology that: -Zoe and Octavia are sisters -Roberta is the mother of Octavia and Zoe

  36. Dialogue Manager (1) • Manages discussion of • User’s photos with respect to • Location • Time it was taken • Occasion • People in the Photo (exploits positional information of people) • Name • Age • Relation to the user • Photo Management • “Show me all the photos of my mother” • Photo selection • News • Reading and stopping • Choice of politics, sport or business

  37. Dialogue Manager (2) • Accepts pre-annotated photos to allow the system to engage in more interesting conversation more quickly. • Handles basic photo management tasks: “Show me all the photos of my mother” “Please move on to the next photo” • Responds when same person is mentioned in more than one photo (using the user’s name) • Remembers user information from multiple sessions • Generation : template based

  38. Dialogue manager (3) • Dialogue Manager adapted from COMIC DM • General purpose control structure that does the dialogue planning • Stack based system • Conforms to common behaviour of conversation: Discuss topic 1, move to topic 2, go back to topic 1. • Augmented transition networks, called Dialogue Action Forms (DAFs) for handling domain sub-tasks. • References the Dialogue History, Knowledge base and the User Model

  39. Dialogue Action Forms • GUI editor for creating DAFs • Composed of nodes and arcs containing tests and actions • DAFs pre-stacked, but can be overidden by matching indexing terms (semantic classes, significant words) • Essential for mixed-initiative conversation

  40. SC Dialogue Manager Stack Run Greeting DAF Pop greeting DAF Push photo DAF Run people DAF Pop people DAF System start Run photo DAF People DAF name age people relation event event date date occasion occasion greeting photo location location goodbye goodbye goodbye goodbye

  41. DAFs (1)

  42. Machine Learning in the Senior Companion • Using first Senior Companion prototype to generate more data, augmenting WoZ data gathered by NAP and AAA and hand annotated. • Plan to “tile” (as in Hearst) the data to seek segmentations corresponding to topics and dialogue moves. • Plan to generalise across a set corresponding to “same” topic or move to generate a draft Dialogue Action.

  43. www.companions-project.org

  44. Thank You

  45. Evaluation of the Senior Companion • Accuracy • Is the information that the system discusses accurate • Important when the user returns for repeat sessions (system needs to remember and recall collected information at the appropriate time). • Does the system discuss things in an efficient way? (not ask for clarification when the information is already known) • User satisfaction • Self-assessment: May include some testing of the user’s level of contentment with the system while running.

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