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ONE WORLD – ONE HEALTH Interface between human-, animal- and global health

ONE WORLD – ONE HEALTH Interface between human-, animal- and global health. NOVA Annual Seminar 2011 , Aarhus, Yngvild Wasteson and Halvor Hektoen . One World – One Health.

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ONE WORLD – ONE HEALTH Interface between human-, animal- and global health

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  1. ONE WORLD – ONE HEALTHInterface between human-, animal- and global health NOVA Annual Seminar 2011 , Aarhus, Yngvild Wasteson and Halvor Hektoen

  2. One World – One Health Strategic framework to reducethe risk ofEmergingInfectiousDiseases (EID) in theinterface between wild and domesticanimals, the human population and theecosystem. (FAO, WHO, OIE, UNICEF, World Bank, 2008)

  3. Principlesof One world – One health • A holisticapproach to thepreventionofepidemic/enzooticdiseases, • whilemaintainingtheintegretyoftheecosystem, • for thebenefitofmindkind, domesticanimals and biodiversity • A commonunderstandingthatwe all are in he same bathtub

  4. Content • Zoonoses and Emerginginfectiousdiseases EID • Challenges controlling EID • Climatechange and EID • Interdisciplinaryeducation- and research programmes?

  5. Ebola / Marburg Chernobyl Japan 2011 HIV/AIDS Plague Meningitis vCJD Nipah Anthrax SARS Polonium-210 H1N1Pandemic Avian Influenza Chemical spill Melamine Cholera

  6. Link between animal diseases and public health • Zoonoses – infectiousdiseasestransmitted from animals to humans • Alsohealthyanimalsmaytransmitdiseases to humans • 60% ofknown human infectiousdiseases have theirsource in animals (wild or domestic) • 70% ofemerging/reemerging human diseases have theirorigin from animals • 80% ofthepathogenesthatcanpotentially be used in bioterrorism

  7. Transmissionofviruses Animals(zoonoses) AnimalsHumans (Adaption to a new host) Humans

  8. From One Health Initiative

  9. Translocation Human encroachment Ex situ contact Ecological manipulation Encroachment Introduction “Spill over” & “Spill back” Wildlife Domestic Animal Human Global travel Urbanization Biomedical manipulation Agricultural Intensification Technology And Industry 75% of Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) are Zoonoses Daszak P. et.al. Science 2000 287:443

  10. Challenges • Increase in theworldspopulation: • 2025: 8 billion people, 5 billion in urban centres • Increase in numberof food animals: • 2008 – 20 billion, 2025 – 30 billion • Contact between wildanimals and domesticanimals • Contact between wildanimals and humans • Globalisation: Trade and travel * • Urbanisation * • Changing in farming systems • Forest encroachment • Climatechanges*

  11. Salted butter Garlic puree Garlic salt Lemon Parsley Pepper Water - Ireland - China, USA, Spain Herb Butter : - China, USA, Spain - USA - France, UK - Indonesia - Ireland Chicken Breast: Chicken Batter: - Belgium, France Flour Water - Ireland - Ireland, UK Bread Crumb: Bread crumb Rape-seed oil - EU, Australia Eastern Europe “The World on your Plate” - Ireland, Belgium UK, France etc. Chicken Kiev Courtesy A. Reilly, FSAI, Ireland

  12. Challenges • Increase in theworldspopulation: • 2025: 8 billion people, 5 billion in urban centres • Increase in numberof food animals: • 2008 – 20 billion, 2025 – 30 billion • Contact between wildanimals and domesticanimals • Contact between wildanimals and humans • Globalisation: Trade and travel * • Urbanisation * • Changing in farming systems • Forest encroachment • Climatechanges *

  13. Urbanisation

  14. Challenges • Increase in theworldspopulation: • 2025: 8 billion people, 5 billion in urban centres • Increase in numberof food animals: • 2008 – 20 billion, 2025 – 30 billion • Contact between wildanimals and domesticanimals • Contact between wildanimals and humans • Globalisation: Trade and travel* • Urbanisation* • Changing in farming systems • Forest encroachment • Climatechanges*

  15. Rising temperatures - the most certain impact from climate change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC 2007

  16. Climate change impacts on agriculture

  17. Climate change impacts on food prices • Rising food prices push millions back into poverty and malnutrition • Changes in quality, variety, frequency, safety and quantity of food consumed IPCC, 2007

  18. Climate change impacts on water safety • Water stress is projected to affect between 16 and 44 million additional people by 2080 • Reduced summer water by up to 80% with increased potential for contamination, (IPCC 2007) • This may worsen access to safe water and sanitation, which is already unequal in Europe • Increased temperatures and flooding increases the risk of waterborne infections • Water stress also affects food production and nutritional levels

  19. Climate change impacts on food security and nutrition • All 4 dimensions of food security affected: availability, stability, access, utilization • Thus negative impacts on quality, variety, frequency, safety and quantity of food, and thereby negative impacts on health • Increases malnutrition • In seasonally dry and tropical regions, even slight warming (1-2ºC) reduces yields In developing countries, agricultural output is expected to decline 10-20% by 2080

  20. Climate change can increase the risks of foodborne disease • Pollution of water, air, soil, feed • Pathogens • Algal toxins • Toxic chemicals • Heavy metals • Persistent organic pollutants • Food production • Microbiological contamination • Survival and growth of pathogens • Contaminated water for irrigation and food processing • Increased use of fertilizers, pesticides and antibiotics • Demographics and human behavior • Increased opportunities for food contamination

  21. Climate change impacts on vector-borne diseases • Climate change will challenge the progress made towards eliminating malaria in Europe and central Asia and increase the risk of local outbreaks (WHO 2004) • Lyme disease is shifting to higher latitudes and altitudes, following movement of ticks (WHO 2005) • Leishmaniasis, a skin disease transmitted by sand flies, is travelling north (WHO 2005) • In the 2007 Chikungunya outbreak in Italy the presence of a suitable vector allowed sustained local transmission (ECDC 2007)

  22. Unpredictable environmental threats Wildfires in the Russian Federation, August 2010 Eyjafjallajokull volcano, April 2010

  23. Climate change will affect, in profoundly adverse ways, some of the most fundamental determinants of health: food, air, water. Margaret Chan, Director General, WHO

  24. What’s in it for us (thisaudience)? • Need for knowledge and an interdisciplinary, cross sectoralapproach to thesurveillance, control, prevention and mitigationof EID • Interdisciplinary (inter Nordic?) education- and research programmes

  25. Coordinationof public and veterinary health Improvementofbiosecuritymeasures • Sanitaryconditions • Sustainablefarming systems • Land- and water resources • From Farm to Fork approach • Economicalconditionsofcountries and communities • Preservingtheenvironment and biodiversity

  26. Thankyou for yourattention

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