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Nutrition

Nutrition. A bit about nutrition in general plus the specifics of the human d igestive s ystem. What is Nutrition?. Definition : The process by which organisms get food and break it down to use for their metabolism

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Nutrition

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  1. Nutrition A bit about nutrition in general plus the specifics of the human digestive system.

  2. What is Nutrition? • Definition:The process by which organisms get food and break it down to use for their metabolism • The nutrients humans need every day are: water, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

  3. Vitamins and Minerals • Vitamins • Organic molecules that help regulate body processes • Can be fat soluble (A,D,E,K) or water soluble(the rest) • Minerals • Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, usually in small amounts

  4. The Human Diet • The average human should ingest about 2,000 Calories/day. This is less than you may think… • Age, sex, lifestyle, weight, and body condition all affect daily Caloric needs.

  5. A FEW FAST FOOD FACTS… • A Big Mac sandwich = 540 calories • Large Fries = 500 calories • Large Soda = 300 calories • Ketchup packet = 15 calories/each http://nutrition.mcdonalds.com/nutritionexchange/nutritionComparison.do • Plain Bagel from Dunkin Donuts = 330 calories • With cream cheese it has = 480 calories • Medium coffee milk & sugar = 150 calories https://www.dunkindonuts.com/aboutus/nutrition/

  6. CHEW ON THIS……. • AN EXTRA 200CALORIES EACH DAY EQUATES TO APPROXIMATELY 21 POUNDS OF WEIGHT GAIN PER YEAR!!!!

  7. Nutrition in Other Organisms Watch an amoeba eat Watch a paramecium eat

  8. Organs: The Mouth • Breakdown of food begins in the mouth. • Starches are broken down by an enzyme called salivary amylase.

  9. Organs: The Esophagus • The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and also begins the process of peristalsis. • Peristalsis: The movement of food down the digestive tract by waves of muscle contractions

  10. Peristalsis This is the esophagus Click HERE to see a super short claymation video of peristalsis

  11. Organs: The Stomach • A thick-walled muscular sac that contains enzymes and gastric juices (HCl). • The enzyme Pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach

  12. The Stomach Interesting Fact: It takes approximately 12 hours to completely digest food.

  13. Organs: Small Intestine • Coiled tube about 20 ft. long and 2.5 cm. in diameter. • Most digestion and ALL nutrient absorption is completed here. • Lined with millions of tiny “fingers” called villi which increase surface area and aid in absorption of nutrients.

  14. These are villi

  15. Small Intestinal Enzymes • Amylase, Maltase, Sucrase, Lactase • Continued breakdown of starches • Trypsin, Peptidase • Continued breakdown of proteins • Lipase • Breakdown of fats

  16. Organs: Large Intestine • Tube about 5 ft. long and 6 cm. in diameter…No digestion occurs here! • Functions: • Reabsorption of water • Reabsorption of vitamins (K and B) created by E. coli bacteria! • Elimination of feces through the anus (stored in rectum)

  17. Inside the Large Intestine

  18. Other Important Organs • Liver: Produces bile which breaks down fat in the small intestine • Gall Bladder: Stores bile • Pancreas: Releases enzymes into the small intestine.

  19. Pancreas Liver Gallbladder Small Intestine

  20. Digestive Waste… Feces- the science word for “poop” Defecation- the act of “pooping” Elimination- to get rid of waste from the digestive system (it has never been in your cells, only in your digestive tract). Excretion- to get rid of cellular waste (urine, sweat, exhaled CO2).

  21. The End

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