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Chapter 12 Westward Expansion

Chapter 12 Westward Expansion. Section 2 Independence for Texas. A Clash of Cultures. Conflict over Texas began in 1803 Americans believed it was part of Louisiana Purchase. Spain Disagreed 1819 U.S. agreed to drop claim (Adams-Onis Treaty) Davy Crockett – Texas in 1835

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Chapter 12 Westward Expansion

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  1. Chapter 12 Westward Expansion Section 2 Independence for Texas

  2. A Clash of Cultures • Conflict over Texas began in 1803 • Americans believed it was part of Louisiana Purchase. • Spain Disagreed • 1819 U.S. agreed to drop claim (Adams-Onis Treaty) • Davy Crockett – Texas in 1835 • Wanted to help Texans

  3. A Clash of Cultures • 3, 000 Tejanos- Mexicans who claimed Texas as their home. • Native Americans- Comanche, Apaches, and Kiowa • Spain offered Land Grants to promote growth of Texas. • Persons who arranged for the settlement of land in Texas: Empresarios

  4. A Clash of Cultures • Moses Austin- 1821 first land grant • Died before colony established • Son Stephen Austin continued colony • Stephen F. Austin • 300 settlers (Old Three Hundred) • “Father of Texas” • Advocate for settlers • First Secretary of state for Texas • Capital of Texas is named after him

  5. A Clash of Cultures • 1823- 1825 Mexico Colonization Laws • Learn Spanish • Become Mexican Citizens • Convert to Catholicism • Obey all Mexican Laws • Settlers would receive land with reduced or no taxes.

  6. A Clash of Cultures • 1830 More Americans than Tejanos – and had not adopted Mexican ways. • Issued a decree (official order) to stop all immigration from the U. S. • Tax was placed on imports from the U.S. • New Laws angered Texans.

  7. A Clash of Cultures • 1833 General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna – became President of Mexico • Stephen F. Austin- demands: remove bans, allow Texas to become a separate state. • Santa Anna overthrows Mexican constitution and names himself dictator of Mexico.

  8. Struggle for Independence • 1835- Open Conflict begins. • Gonzales- first battle of the Texas Revolution • December 1835- San Antonio freed • Texans think the war is over- just the beginning.

  9. Battle of the Alamo • February 1836 – Mission – • Had cannons, lacked gunpowder • Only 180 soldiers against several thousands • Leaders • Davy Crockett • Jim Bowie • William B. Travis – Commander

  10. Battle of the Alamo • Held Santa Anna off for 12 days • March 6, 1836, Alamo fell • A few women and children survived • Santa Anna’s aide “The Texans fought more like devils than like men.” • Bought Texans some much needed time.

  11. Texas Independence • March 2, 1836 • Similar to the Declaration of Independence of the United States • Santa Anna had violated liberties • Deprived Texans of freedom of religion • Trial by jury • Right to bear arms

  12. Texas Independence • Mexican Troops- Could not hold general election • Texans leaders selected officers until an election could be held • Sam Houston as Commander in Chief of troops • Raised among Cherokee • Fought along side Andrew Jackson

  13. Texas Independence • Sam Houston ordered troops at Goliad to abandon their post- • Ran into Mexican troops. • Surrendered • Santa Anna orders –execute them • Texans outraged “Goliad Massacre”

  14. Battle of San Jacinto • Page 367 • Sam Houston + 900 troops • San Jacinto (present day Houston) • April 21- • “Remember the Alamo!” • “Remember Goliad!” • Santa Anna captured • May 14, 1836 – Santa Anna signed treaty • Texas won its independence.

  15. Lone Star Republic • Sam Houston elected President 1836 • Mirabeau Lamar Vice president • Texans asked U.S. to take control (annex) Texas. • Andrew Jackson refused. • Texas was a slave state- would upset the balance.

  16. Lone Star Republic • Texas faced political and financial difficulties. • Mexican government refused to honor Santa Anna’s treaty- war continued. • John Tyler – supported annexation of Texas – Senate did not

  17. Texas Becomes a State • 1844 Manifest Destiny • December 29, 1845 President James K. Polk- Senate agree- • Texas becomes a state of the United States – 9 years after winning independence

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