1 / 16

Unit 1: Gross Anatomy of the Chest

Unit 1: Gross Anatomy of the Chest. Part III: Muscles of Ventilation Reference & Reading: Egan's p.158-163. Muscles of Ventilation. Primary Muscles Diaphragm Intercostal muscles Accessory Muscles Scalenes Sternocleomastoid Pectoralis Major Abdominals. Diaphragm.

brant
Télécharger la présentation

Unit 1: Gross Anatomy of the Chest

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 1: Gross Anatomy of the Chest Part III: Muscles of Ventilation Reference & Reading: Egan's p.158-163

  2. Muscles of Ventilation • Primary Muscles • Diaphragm • Intercostal muscles • Accessory Muscles • Scalenes • Sternocleomastoid • Pectoralis Major • Abdominals

  3. Diaphragm • Rises from costal margin • Connects at central tendon • Hemidiaphragms • Separates thorax from abdomen

  4. Diaphragm - Function • Resting Position • When muscle contracts, drops floor of thoracic cavity down • Pulls air in

  5. Intercostal Muscles • Located between each rib pair • External Intercostals • Internal Intercostals

  6. Intercostal Muscles - Function • Active during quiet breathing • Elevates ribs, ↑ thoracic volume - occurs closer to exhalation • At increased lung volumes, ribs are lowered • Stabilizes chest wall during large pressure changes Quiet Breathing – from www.gettyimages.com

  7. Retractions • Also called intercostal retractions • There is increased amount of negative pressure generated • Clinical sign of increased WOB; look at suprasternal notch • Retractions on infant

  8. Collection of chest wall muscles Help to increase thoracic space, by assisting the primary muscles: Includes: Scalene Sternocleomastoid Pectoralis Trapezius Accessory Muscles - Inspiration

  9. Scalene Muscles • 3 muscles • Anterior • Medial • Posterior • Arise from lower 5 cervical vertebrae & connect to 2nd rib anteriorly • Function: • Normal • With increased WOB

  10. Sternocledomastoids • Rise from manubrium & medial end of clavicle • Insert into the skull • Function: • Primary: supports head • Increased WOB: raises sternum up & out

  11. Pectoralis Muscles • Rises from clavicle & anterior surface of sternum • Function: • Primary: hugging motion • With increased WOB: pulls opposite of primary function

  12. Trapezius Muscles • Arise from the occipital bone in the skull & all thoracic vertebrae; insert into clavicle • Function: • Primary: shrug shoulders; raise or lower arms • Increased WOB: Raises rib cage

  13. Accessory Muscles - Exhalation • Used to forcibly exhale (cough, sneeze, etc) • Muscles used are the abdominal muscles • Collectively compress abdominal contents to push diaphragm up • Includes: • External & internal obliques • Transverse abdominals • Rectus abdominus

  14. Internal & External Oblique • External Oblique: arise from lower 8 ribs • Internal Oblique: Arise from iliac crest& inguinal ligament • Fibrous aponeurosis

  15. Transverse Abdominis • Arises from: • costal cartilages • Iliac crest • Part of inguinal ligament • Connects to a aponeurosis

  16. Rectus Abdominis • Arises from pubic bones • Inserts into costal cartilages 5 -7 • Contraction ↓ distance from xiphoid to pubis

More Related