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Enzymes & Metabolism

Enzymes & Metabolism. Metabolism. Recall: the sum of all reactions within a cell reactions require or produce ATP reactions within a cell regulated by enzymes. Metabolic Pathway. Series of linked reactions, requiring many enzymes. Enzyme 1. Enzyme 2. Enzyme 3. A  B  C  D. Substrate.

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Enzymes & Metabolism

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  1. Enzymes & Metabolism

  2. Metabolism • Recall: • the sum of all reactions within a cell • reactions require or produce ATP • reactions within a cell regulated by enzymes

  3. Metabolic Pathway • Series of linked reactions, requiring many enzymes Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 A  B  C  D Substrate Product Product Product Substrate Substrate

  4. Example: Thyroid Gland (don’t write!) • Produces thyroxin (hormone) that functions to: • Increase metabolic rate • Stimulate all cells (no target organ) • Stimulate production of enzyme that breaks down glucose and release energy • More glucose is broken down • More energy is utilized • Increase O2 consumption • Increase heart rate

  5. Example: Cellular Respiration • Glucose + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP • Reaction made ATP = “exergonic”

  6. To Do’s • P. 114 # 7-11 [studying the concepts] • Dictionary • exergonic, metabolism, free energy

  7. 7. Diagram a metabolic pathway. Label the reactants, products, and enzymes. 8. Why is less energy needed for a reaction to occur when an enzyme is present? 9. Why are enzymes specific, and why can’t each one speed up many different reactions? 10. Name and explain the manner in which at least three factors can influence the speed of an enzymatic reaction. How do cells regulate the activity of enzymes? 11. What are cofactors and coenzymes?

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