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Muromachi Period The Ashikaga Shogunate (1333-1573). Following the Kamakura and Warring States Period Ashikaga Takauji is the most successful of the warrior clans and takes over Kyoto . Establishment of the Ashikaga Shogunate. (Muromachi)
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Muromachi PeriodThe Ashikaga Shogunate (1333-1573) • Following the Kamakura and Warring States Period Ashikaga Takauji is the most successful of the warrior clans and takes over Kyoto. • Establishment of the Ashikaga Shogunate. (Muromachi) • Ashikaga Takauji put his own choice for Emperor into position who then validated Ashikaga’s power.
Defeated Emperor, Go-Daigo, escaped in 1337 and again declared himself the true Emperor. • This period of time is called Nanbokucho, or the "north and south dynasties" period. • This lasted until 1392 when the Northern and Southern Courts were reunited.
Thus began the Ashikaga Shogunate (1336-1573). • This period is also known as the MuromachiPeriod, from the name of the Muromachi area of Kyoto. • It was in this area of central Japan on southern Honshu, where the third shogun Yoshimitsu established his residence.
Because Ashikaga Takauji sided with the Emperor, the Ashikagas shared more of their authority with the Imperial government than the Kamakura had. • Thus, it was the weakest of the three shogunates – including the Kamakura and the later Tokugawa. • However, most of the regional power still remained with the provincial daimyo.
military power depended mostly on daimyo loyalty to the Ashikaga. • daimyo increasingly fought among themselves for power, hence loyalty to the Ashikaga grew increasingly strained. • This led to open warfare in the late Muromachi period; referred to as the Sengoku Period.
The Ashikaga shogunate was destroyed in 1573 when Oda Nobunaga drove the 15th and last Ashikaga shogun, Yoshiaki out of Kyoto. • The Ashikaga family still survive to this day.
Outside Kyoto • The War of Onin was a major civil war lasting from 1467 to 1477. • Two daimyo, Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana Souzen began the fighting, as a result of very complex inter-house rivalries. • The fighting between houses was reflected in various fights between other major daimyo houses.
This fight led to chaos throughout the country as similar fights broke out everywhere among the daimyo’s samurai warriors. • Over time the authority of the Shogunate decreased as more and more actual power shifted to the daimyos.
Muromachi Reading Quiz • What prevented the Kemmu Restoration from being successful in 1334? • When Go-Daigo fled, where did he go and what did he establish? • How long did the division last with the Northern and Southern Courts? • What happened on a regular basis as a result of this division?
5. What was the result of trade relations with Ming China, improvements in agriculture and a new heritance system during the rein of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu? 6. Political newcomers of the Muromachi Period were members of land owning, military families called what? 7. The new feudal lords of these political newcomers were called what?
8. Define Sengoku Jidai. 9. What new ideas or technology was introduced to Japan in 1542? 10. Was trade encouraged with the west? Why? 11. Who made the first big steps towards unification of Japan as an entire country in 1573?
Arts Among Discontent • On the positive side, the arts flourished. • Flowerarrangement いけばな 生け花 • Tea Ceremony さどう 茶道 • Nou Theatre のう 脳 • Kano school of painting • Rock Gardens かれさんすい 枯山水
いけばな 生け花 • A disciplined art form that unifies nature and humanity.
More than simply putting flowers in a container, ikebana is a disciplined art form in which nature and humanity are brought together. Contrary to the idea of floral arrangement as a collection of particolored or multicolored arrangement of blooms, ikebana often emphasizes other areas of the plant, such as its stems and leaves, and draws emphasis towards shape, line, form. Though ikebana is a creative expression, it has certain rules governing its form. The main(?) rule is that all the elements used in construction must be organic, be they branches, leaves, grasses, or flowers. The artist's intention behind each arrangement is shown through a piece's color combinations, natural shapes, graceful lines, and the usually implicit meaning of the arrangement.
さどう 茶道 • A multifaceted traditional activity strongly influenced by Zen Buddhism, in which powdered green tea, or matcha (抹茶), is ceremonially prepared and served to others.
のう 脳 • Oldest form; minimalist; appealed to aristocracy • Grew during the 14th century • combination of Chinese performing arts and traditional Japanese dance • Props without scenery • 3 or 4 traditional musical instruments • characters created with masks and elaborate costumes. • Storyline is familiar to educated audience (spiritual)
Kano School of Painting • Kanō painters often worked on a large scale, painting nature scenes of birds, plants, water, or other animals on sliding doors or screens, covering the background with gold leaf.
Kanō Eitoku • One of six folding screens: ink on paper. Shows people playing go.
Kare-sansui gardening(dry or rock gardens) • The main elements are rocks and sand, with the sea symbolized by sand raked in patterns that suggest rippling water. Plants are much less important (and sometimes nonexistent). • Express Buddhist and Taoist beliefs, places for ceremonies, amusement, and contemplation and also shoguns simply enjoyed gardens.
Arts Affect other Aspects of Culture • Tea Ceremony • influenced production of pottery, iron, lacquer and bamboo products = division of labor/mass production • Architecture • few buildings survive today due to wooden construction and civil war. • shonin-zukuri style became forerunner of the present-day Japanese house with tatami mats. • The Golden Pavilion, Rokuon-ji, Kyoto, built by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu for his retirement.
