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Grammar Basics (Quantifiers)

Grammar Basics (Quantifiers). Resource: Advanced English Grammar for ESL Learners. C/ LtCol Genieve M. Martínez. Lesson Objectives. Review grammar basics: Parts of Speech Noun Pronoun Verb Adjective Adverb Preposition Conjunction Putting words together Sentence

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Grammar Basics (Quantifiers)

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  1. Grammar Basics (Quantifiers) Resource: Advanced English Grammar for ESL Learners C/LtColGenieve M. Martínez

  2. Lesson Objectives • Review grammar basics: • Parts of Speech • Noun • Pronoun • Verb • Adjective • Adverb • Preposition • Conjunction • Putting words together • Sentence • Test Knowledge: Quiz 1

  3. Parts of Speech • NOUN a person, place, or thing. Can be the subject or object of a sentence. • PRONOUNa word that replaces or stands for ("pro" = for) a noun. • VERB an action word. • ADJECTIVE a word that describes or modifies a noun. Answers the questions "how many," "what kind," etc. • ADVERB a word that describes or modifies a verb. • PREPOSITION (literally "pre-position") a word that indicates the relationship of a noun (or noun phrase) to another word.

  4. Quantifiers • A number of pre-adjective noun modifiers(meaning they are placed before any adjectives) that express amount or degree. • Three sets of quantifiers that are affected by whether the noun being modified is count or noncount: • Many/much (a lot of) • Few/little • Fewer/less • Many/much (a lot of) • Many is used only with plural count nouns; much is used only with noncount nouns: • Plural count nouns • His proposal has raised many issues. • There were many magazines in the doctor’s office.

  5. Quantifiers many/much(a lot of) • Many can be used in both questions and negative statements: • Questions • Did his proposal raise many issues? • Were there many magazines in the doctor’s office? • Negative statements • His proposal did not raise many issues. • There were not many magazines in the doctor’s office. • Noncount nouns • There has been much confusion about the time of the meeting. • It took much effort to finish the job on time.

  6. Quantifiers many/much(a lot of) • In questions and negative statements, much and a lot of are used interchangeably: • Questions • Has there been much/a lot of confusion about the time of the meeting? • Did it take much/ a lot of effort to finish the job on time? • Negative statements: • There hasn’t been much/a lot of confusion about the time of the meeting. • It didn’t take much/a lot of effort to finish the job.

  7. Quantifiers Test your knowledge Fill in the blanks with many or much. In positive statements, use a lot of instead of much when modifying noncount nouns. The first question is done as an example. (Is there much information about this on the web?)

  8. Quantifiers (Any) • However, for both plural count and noncount nouns, we normally use any rather than either few or little in questions and negative statements. • Questions • Do any mosquitoes around here carry malaria? • Do any computers have adequate protection from spam? • Negative statements • We have not had any information about what happened. • There wasn’t any public notice of the government’s action.

  9. Quantifiers Test your knowledge (few/little/any) • Fill in the blanks with few or little as appropriate in positive statements. Use any for questions and negative statements. The first question is done as an example. (It was pretty late, so few cars were on the road.)

  10. Quantifiers (Fewer/less) • Like few and little, the comparative form fewer is used with plural count nouns and less is used with noncount nouns: • Plural count nouns • Barbara is raising fewer sheep this year. • They are spending fewer summers at the lake than they used to. • Noncount nouns • There is less traffic on the roads since the rail line was opened. • He lost less weight this week. • Unlike few and little, fewer and less can be used in questions and negative statements. Their usage depends on whether they modify count or noncount nouns:

  11. Quantifiers (Fewer/less) • Questions • Is Barbara raising fewer sheep this year? • Are they spending fewer summers at the lake than they used to? • Is there less traffic on the roads since the rail line was opened? • Did he lose less weight this week? • Negative statements • Barbara is not raising fewer sheep this year. • They are not spending fewer summers at the lake than they used to. • There isn’t less traffic on the roads since the rail line was opened. • He didn’t lose less weight this week?

  12. Quantifiers Test your knowledge (fewer/less) • Fill in the blanks with fewer and less as appropriate. The first question is done as an example.

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