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SOFC Technology

SOFC Technology. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Intended mainly for stationary applications with an output of 1 kW and larger They work at very high temperatures (some at 1000ºC) Due to the high operating temperature of SOFC's, they have no need for expensive catalyst . Fuels for Fuel Cells.

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SOFC Technology

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  1. SOFC Technology

  2. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells • Intended mainly for stationary applications with an output of 1 kW and larger • They work at very high temperatures (some at 1000ºC) • Due to the high operating temperature of SOFC's, they have no need for expensive catalyst.

  3. Fuels for Fuel Cells • The primary fuels directly utilized within fuel cell stacks today are • Hydrogen • Carbon monoxide • Methanol and • Dilute light hydrocarbons like methane, depending upon the fuel cell type. 

  4. Cont..

  5. SOFC :The most inherently fuel flexible • The presence of sulfur is not tolerated by fuel cells in general. • SOFC is the most inherently fuel flexible of the fuel cell types.  • MCFC units are also quite fuel flexible.

  6. Cont.. • (SOFC) use a hard, ceramic compound of metal (like calcium or zirconium) oxides (chemically, O2) as electrolyte • Efficiency is about 60 percent • Operating temperatures of 800-1,000 °C (about 1,800 °F).

  7. Simplified diagram of an SOFC

  8. Operating Principle • Oxygen is dissociated at the cathode into O2- • O2- migrate thru the crystal structure of the electrolyte • Oxidize the hydrogen atoms at anode • Yields electrons and produces electricity

  9. Cont..

  10. SOFC Design types • According to the type of cell configuration and developer- • Three major configurations for stacking the cells together to increase the voltage and power are: • Tubular (as developed by Westinghouse and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries), • Flat plate (as developed by Ceramatec and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries), and • Monolithic (as developed by Allied Signal).

  11. Applications • Suitable for decentralized electricity production • While the major application of SOFCs are seen in stationary plants, auxiliary power units in • Transportation vehicles • On-board power for aircraft • Power packs- small enough to be carried by soldiers has been motivated by DARPA

  12. Drawbacks • The high temperature limits applications of SOFC units and they tend to be rather large • While solid electrolytes cannot leak, they can crack. • Complex materials • Assembling • Maintenance • Design Cost & choice of material

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