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Cold War in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Standard 7-5.3. 1. Conflicting Ideologies. After World War II, the Soviets wanted to spread communism, the U.S. wanted to stop it. C ountries the Soviet Union liberated from Germany were forced to become communist and kept from having elections.
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Cold War in Asia, Africa, and Latin America Standard 7-5.3
1. Conflicting Ideologies • After World War II, the Soviets wanted to spread communism, the U.S. wanted to stop it. • Countries the Soviet Union liberated from Germany were forced to become communist and kept from having elections. • Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Albania and Hungary were all ‘satellite’ nations of the Soviet Union. Their political and economic policies ‘orbited’ within Soviet Control • Truman was determined to prevent other countries from becoming Satellites
2. Communism grabs hold • A typical communist strategy was to look for countries already having revolutions. • The soviets would offer help in the form of Economic or Military support. In exchange the new governments would agree to be communist. • The Soviets also used delegates and sent them to other countries to explain the benefits and successes of communism.
3. Asian Communism • China was the first big victory for the Soviet Union • Throughout World War II there was a Chinese civil war, and it was still going on. • During WWII both sides fought against the Japanese, but when the war ended they turned on each other once again • Mao Zedong (Communist) defeated Chiang Kai-Shek (Nationalist) in 1949, naming China the “People’s Republic” and putting Communist Mao Zedong in Charge.
4. Korea • Korea suffered a similar fate to Germany after WWII. • Japan had to give up all of its colonies, Korea included. • The United States and the Soviet Union involved themselves once more, the United States trying to prevent the spread of communism, and the soviets trying to spread it further. • Korea was split in half, the Democratic People’s republic of Korea (DPRK) was the Communist North, and The Republic of Korea was the Democratic South. • This separation later led to the Korean War
5. Vietnam & the rest of Asia • In Vietnam the spread of communism caused a scenario very similar to that of Korea. • After World War II, Vietnam wanted to break away from French rule. • The Soviet Union sent revolutionaries, the United States supported Democratic leaders. • Laos and Cambodia were also affected by communism and changed their political systems after WWII.
6. Africa • Many countries in Africa took advantage of the instability around WWII as a time to revolt. • Again, the Soviets sent support to nations that would establish communist governments, and the United States did the same to those who supported democracy • The United States biggest fear was the “Domino Theory” which held that if one country in an area went communist, those around it would follow, like a row of Dominoes.
7. Latin America • In Latin America, Cuba was the first country to establish a communist government, with the help of the Soviet Union, and placed Fidel Castro as their leader. • The Soviet Union tried to spread communism through Cuba in the 1970s and 1980s. • In El-Salvador troops supported by Castro and the USSR fought troops backed by the United States • In Nicaragua the Soviets overthrew the government, and the United States helped a group called the “Contras” fight back. A member of the Contras