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Chapter 5 The Skeletal System

Chapter 5 The Skeletal System. The Skeletal System. Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments Divided into 2 divisions Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton. Functions of Bones. Support body Protect soft organs Movement due to attached skeletal muscles

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Chapter 5 The Skeletal System

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  1. Chapter 5The Skeletal System

  2. The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system • Bones (skeleton) • Joints • Cartilages • Ligaments Divided into 2 divisions • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton

  3. Functions of Bones • Support body • Protect soft organs • Movement due to attached skeletal muscles • Storage of minerals and fats • Blood cell formation

  4. Bones of the Human Body The skeleton has 206 bones Two types of bone tissue • Compact bone - Homogeneous • Spongy bone - Small needle-like pieces of bone - Many open spaces

  5. Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1

  6. Classification of Bones Long bones • Typically longer than wide • Have a shaft with heads at both ends • Contain mostly compact bone • Ex: Femur, • humerus

  7. Classification of Bones Short bones • Generally cube-shape • mostly spongy bone - Ex: Carpals, tarsals

  8. Classification of Bones Flat bones • Thin and flattened • Usually curved • Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone -Ex: Skull, ribs, sternum

  9. Classification of Bones Irregular bones • Irregular shape • Don’t fit into other classification categories -Ex: Vertebrae and hip

  10. Axial Skeleton - longitudinal part of the body Three parts • Skull • Vertebral column • Bony thorax

  11. The Skull • Two sets of bones - Cranium - Facial bones • Bones are joined by sutures • Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint

  12. Bones of the Skull

  13. Human Skull, Superior View

  14. Human Skull, Inferior View

  15. Paranasal Sinuses • Hollow parts of bones surrounding nasal cavity • Functions: • Lighten the skull • Resonate and amplify voice

  16. The Hyoid Bone • Only bone that doesn’t articulate with another bone • Moveable base for tongue

  17. The Bony Thorax • Forms cage to protect major organs • 3 parts - Sternum - Ribs - Thoracic vertebrae

  18. The Vertebral Column • separated by intervertebral discs • normal curvature • named based on location

  19. Structure of a Typical Vertebrae

  20. Characteristics of Cervical Vertebrae

  21. Characteristics of Thoracic & Lumbar Vertebrae

  22. Atlas (C1) lamina Axis (spinous process – C2) Body of cervical vertebra Body of lumbar vertebra Body of sternum Body of thoracic vertebra Cervical vertebra Chondral end Coccyx Coronal suture (Frontal) Plate Test – know these structures! • Costal cartilage • Demifacet • Ethmoid bone • Facet (articulating process) • False rib • Floating rib • Foramen magnum • Head (facets for vertebra) • Intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosous)

  23. Lacrimal Lamina Lamina (lumbar vert) Ligament in vertebra Lumbar Vertebra (Spinous process) Mandible Mastoid process (temporal bone) Maxilla Nasal bones Nerve in vertebra Occipital bone Occipital condyle Palatine • Parietal bone • Pedicle • Sacrum • Sagittal suture • Spinous process • Styloid process (temporal bone) • Thoracic vertebra • Transverse process • True Rib • Vertebral foramen • Vomer • Xiphoid process (sternum) • Zygomatic bone

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