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Study on Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorder and Salt Consumption Patterns in Jammu Region

Study on Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorder and Salt Consumption Patterns in Jammu Region . Imtiyaz A Bhat , Iqbal M Pandit , S Mudassar. Indian Journal of Community Medicine Vol.33,No1, January 2008. Dr.Ramesh Pawar Moderator: Dr.B.S.Garg. Learning Objectives.

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Study on Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorder and Salt Consumption Patterns in Jammu Region

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  1. Study on Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorder and Salt Consumption Patterns in Jammu Region Imtiyaz A Bhat, Iqbal M Pandit , S Mudassar Indian Journal of Community Medicine Vol.33,No1, January 2008 Dr.Ramesh Pawar Moderator: Dr.B.S.Garg

  2. Learning Objectives • To study epidemiology of Iodine deficiency disorder. • To study how to read a journal article. • To study sampling method.

  3. Introduction • Iodine is an essential element for thyroid function, necessary for normal growth, development and functioning of the brain and body. • Endemic goiter • Mild brain dysfunction, irreversible intellectual impairment. • Single most common cause of preventable mental retardation and brain damage in the world today.

  4. Objectives • To assess the magnitude of Iodine Deficiency disorder(IDD) in Jammu region. • To assess the salt consumption pattern in the region.

  5. Materials and Methods • Study area:- six districts in Jammu :region,Jammu, Udhampur, Kathua, Rajouri, Poonch and Doda • Study population:- School children in age group of 6-12 yrs • Study type:- Cross- sectional.

  6. Sample size • The sample size of 768 was estimated expecting goiter prevalence of 40% and accepted error of 5% using the formula • Study population was selected using the WHO recommended EPI 30-cluster methodology. • A multistage sampling procedure was adopted to select the clusters( school) for the study

  7. Sample size cont… • In the first stage, a frame of educational zones in each district was drawn. • Using random numbers, five educational zones were selected from each six districts in the region. • Thus, a total of 30 educational zones were selected.

  8. Sample size cont… • Finally ,using population proportion to size method, 30 schools(clusters), one from each educational zone, were selected as final sampling unit. • A total of 30 students 15Boys & 15 Girls) from each school were studied after being selected by systematic random sampling.

  9. Material & Method cont.. • A selected children were examined for thyroid enlargement, as recommended by ICMR bulletin 1986. • Thyroid enlargement i.e. goiter was graded as • G0-No enlargement • G1-A Palpable enlargement • G2-A visible and palpable enlargement

  10. On spot casual urine sample were collected from 134 of selected subjects in the school. C A S U A L U R I N E S A M P L E • Urine sample were collected in wide mouthed 100 ml plastic bottle • Few drops of toluene were added; bottle closed with an inner lid • transported under cold condition to laboratory at Dept. of Biochemistry (SKIMS) • The urine sample were analyzed by Ammonium Persulphate Method for Urinary Iodine And Result express in ug/l

  11. Salt sample analyzed for Iodine Content • Study subject were asked about the type of salt consumed at Home • 5% of subjects were asked to bring 50g salt from home in polythene pouches for the purpose • The Salt were analyzed for iodine content by trimetric analysis & result were expressed as Iodine ppm

  12. Results • A total of 943 SAC were examined in the region ; in that 113 had goiter giving prevalence of 11.90% • No student had grade two goiter

  13. Prevalence of Goiter across various districts in Jammu region

  14. Prevalence of goiter according to sex and age group

  15. Urine analysis results:- Urinary iodine excretion in various district in Jammu region:

  16. Salt analysis:-

  17. Discussion:

  18. Goiter prevalence by sex:

  19. Goiter prevalence by age:

  20. Discussion: • There has been marked improvement in the goiter situation in the region, this could be due to • Increase in awareness about benefits of iodized salt • Wide availability of iodized salt • Improved socio-economic condition of the population with better purchasing power • >75% consumes powder salt , 98.5% powder salt having iodine contents > 15ppm

  21. Conclusion : • The study has shown that the region is in a state of nutritional transition from iodine deficiency to iodine sufficiency, yet complementary should not be allowed to overtake the measure to sustained drive to eliminate the menace.

  22. References: • Degroot and Jameson (Endocrinology) IDD 4 Edition Vol. page No. 1529. • .Citizen Charter. National Iodine deficiency disorder control program and nutrition. Available from: http://www.negahealth.nic.in. • Measuring change in nutritional status. WHO: Geneva;1983, Annexure - 2, p. 51. • WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD, Joint consultation: Progress towards elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). • Toteja GS, Singh, P, Dillon BS, Saxena BN. Central Coordinatin unit Kashmir (India): IDD in 15 districts of India. Indian J Pediatr 2004;7:25-8. • Sahu T, Sarani NC, Satpathy DM, Behorar TR. Prevalence of Goiter in 6-12 year old children of Kandhamal district in Orissa. Indian J Community Med 2005;30:51-2. • Biswas AB et al., Chakraburaty I Das DK. IDD Among school children of Malda, West Bengal. J Health PopulationNutrition 2002;20(2):180-3.

  23. Thank you! GanapatiBappaMoraya…

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