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Matt Ortega

Matt Ortega. P. 6 Unit 10. Prompt. 2010-Compare and contrast the goals and achievements of the feminist movement in the period circa 1850-1920 with those of the feminist movement in the period 1945 to the present. Background: 1850-1920. Industrial age

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Matt Ortega

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  1. Matt Ortega P. 6 Unit 10

  2. Prompt • 2010-Compare and contrast the goals and achievements of the feminist movement in the period circa 1850-1920 with those of the feminist movement in the period 1945 to the present.

  3. Background: 1850-1920 • Industrial age • Women are not a common sight in the workplace, which at this time was mostly factory work. • Only in struggling family’s did women work alongside men. • Separate spheres • “the wife as the mother and homemaker, the husband as wage earner.” • Discrimination of women in the workplace was great • Lacked basic legal rights • Well paying jobs were off limits • Husbands were unsympathetic • Women were almost always payed less than men for an equal amount of work

  4. Background: 1850-1920 cont. • English law stated that women had no legal identity and hence no right to own property in her name. • Napoleonic code preserved the principle of female subordination

  5. The Feminist Movement: 1850-1920 Goals • Women wanted freedom from discrimination in education and employment including: • Access to higher education • Access to higher employment • Adequate income • Full legal rights

  6. The Feminist Movement: 1850-1920The First Front • Organizations were founded by middle class feminists • These organizations campaigned for equal rights • Realized that paied work could relieve the monotony that women had found and put greater meaning in their lives • Followed in the footsteps of Mary Wollstonecraft • A Vindication of the Rights of Woman • “The rights of women should be respected”

  7. The Feminist Movement: 1850-1920The Second Front • Marxism • Women were inspired by the socialist movement • Socialist women leaders argued that the liberation of working-class women would come only through the liberation of the entire working class

  8. Accomplishments on both Fronts • 1882-English law gives women full property rights • 1880- Women become more commonplace in professional and white-collar jobs • The right to vote is slowly granted in individual European countries • Finland-1906 • Norway-1913 • Denmark and Iceland-1915 • The Netherlands-1917 • Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Sweden-1918 • Germany and Luxembourg-1919

  9. Background: 1945-Present • Child rearing no longer took the energy and time that it had throughout all of history • As a result women could go out and seek jobs for themselves, in the booming economy of the 50’s-70’s • Women still faced long established discrimination in: • Pay • Advancement in occupation • Occupational choice in comparison to men • Most women could still only find part-time work

  10. The Feminist Movement: 1945-PresentGoals • Genuine gender equality and the promotion of general interests of women • In addition to equal wages and the like, women also sought psychological satisfaction from their work

  11. Significant Women and their Works • Simone de Beavoir (1908-1986) • French writer and philosopher • The Second Sex (1949) • Theorized that women, while in essence free, were and always had been trapped within inflexible and limiting conditions • Only through creative assertiveness could women truly escape the role of the “inferior other” • Betty Friedan (1924-2006) • American writer, activist, and feminist • The Feminine Mystique • Women were living in a sexist world, where they as a people had not been allowed to become mature, fully functioning adults and genuine human beings • Believed that they were instead expected to conform to male standards and live only for their husbands and children • Founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) • Founded to press even harder for women’s rights

  12. Significant Women and their Works cont. • NOW quickly gained recognition, from 700 members in 1967 to over 40,000 in 1974 • With the success of NOW, many other organizations rose all throughout Europe and the US

  13. Strategy • Throughout the feminist movement there was one common strategy: • Enter the “arena” of politics and slowly begin to change the policies and laws regarding women • The de-criminalization of abortion served as a rallying point in building and mobilizing an effective and self-conscious movement in Europe.

  14. Accomplishments • New workplace statutes throughout Europe include: • Laws against discrimination • “Equal pay for equal work” (Sweden 1947) • Maternal leave Sweden (19478) • Affordable child care, designed to help women combine careers and family responsibilities • Abortion is legalized • Women are formally accepted into the military (Russia-1942)

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