Animal Pails and Microbe Tales- The Happy Ending is up to You

1. Animal Pails and Microbe Tales-The Happy Ending is up to You V. Bourdeau, State 4-H STEM C. Bothum, State 4-H Livestock and Small Animals

2. Biosecurity • Biosecurity refers to management strategies that lessen biological risk– a biological risk is something that can cause disease in other living things • Small and large 4-H animals depend on their human owners to provide them with medical care, safe, clean housing, food and water. • Biosecurity practices minimize the spread of diseases or pests in 4-H project animals and on farms. • Many biosecurity practices are “common sense”- HOWEVER they must be consistently followed to reduce risk.

3. Be SICK Smart • S-anitize- This PowerPoint will tell you more about how and why to sanitize • I-solate- Any sick animal and animals returning from a fair/show for 14 days • C-ontact- Prevent contact at fence lines and animal nose touching • K-now- What “Normal” is – including: T.P.R., coat, behavior, food consumption etc…AND

4. More to “K-now” • Know what proper and appropriate care is. • What are a healthy animals’ needs in your region? • What are appropriate feed rations? Spatial needs? Vaccinations? Deworming? And other routine health maintenance?

5. Sanitization is Part of Your Biosecurity Plan • What is Sanitizing? • Cleaning is removing organic materials from objects. • Disinfecting is to destroy microorganisms on objects. • Sanitizing is simultaneously cleaning and disinfecting objects.

6. What are we Sanitizing for? • Microorganisms! • They are also called GERMS, when they cause infections diseases in people or animals • Microorganisms can’t be seen by the naked eye- some even require an electron microscope to be viewed!

7. Microorganisms • Most are considered living organisms and millions of them are all around us all the time. • Bacteria, and many protists (i.e.: algae) and fungi (i.e.: mushrooms) are microorganisms. • Viruses are also Microorganisms

8. Viruses • Viruses are a challenge to science. Some scientists think they are living organisms and should be considered microorganisms. However, viruses cannot grow or reproduce outside a host cell. For this reason, some scientists argue they are not living organisms.

9. Viruses and animals • For example, rabies is caused by a virus. • It is important to know which viruses may infect your type of animal and have a plan for prevention • In your plan, it’s important to reduce exposure to vectors such as flies or mosquitos, since they are major carriers of viruses.

10. Viruses and humans • For example, the “common cold” (known as Rhinovirus) is caused by a virus. • Since viruses are a major cause of disease and illness in humans and animals, we vaccinate.

11. Vaccines • Vaccines are used to combat viruses in humans and animals. Some human diseases we vaccinate for are mumps, measles, and chicken pox.

12. Vaccines • Your local veterinarian or county Extension Livestock Agent can provide information on developing a vaccination schedule for your species of animal.

13. Other “Germs” • Bacteria are one-celled creatures that get nutrients from their environment. In some cases that environment is a human’s or animal’s body. In people they cause infections such as strep throat, pneumonia and tuberculosis.

14. Other “Germs” • Fungi are multi-celled organism. Fungi cannot make their own food; instead they get their nutrition from plants, people and animal. Athlete’s foot and ringworm are caused by a fungi. Yeast is a useful fungi. What other fungi do we eat?

15. Other “Germs” • Protozoa are one-celled organisms that need a moist environment to survive. In humans protozoa cause intestinal infections that lead to diarrhea and nausea.

16. Microorganisms • They aren’t ALL bad! Many bacteria are useful to humans! • Yogurt is produced by the fermentation of milk. Two of the bacteria found in yogurt are Lactobacillusbulgaricus and Lactococcus thermophilus. These are lactose fermenting bacteria that produce lactic acid from the lactose in milk. • Some help with digestion, destroy harmful organisms or assist with decomposition in landfills.

17. How do Germs spread? See the Handouts accompanying your Glo-Germ kit The Glo- Germ lesson plan lists these 4 ways: • Fecal-oral contact (i.e. Hepatitis A) • Direct/close contact (i.e. Lice) • Blood contact (i.e. hepatitis B, HIV/Aids) • Respiratory/airborne contact ( influenza, colds)

18. How do Germs spread? The Minnesota Food Safety Center Handout lists 5 Ways the human hand spreads germs: • Nose, mouth or eyes to hands to others • Hands to food • Food to hands to other food • Animals to people • Infected child to hands of other children

19. To fight GERMS for our animals: Sanitize Sanitizing = Cleaning + Disinfecting • Clean= remove all organic material • Disinfecting= Destroying microorganisms

20. What do we sanitize? • Any equipment used on sick animals • Any equipment that comes in contact with an animal’s skin & blood after each use: hoof knife, clippers, tattoo pliers, ear taggers, ear notchers, dehorners • On a regular schedule- waterers and feed troughs • Nursing bottles and buckets before each feeding

21. What do we sanitize? • Vehicles to be used to transport animals & use clean bedding • All equipment, halters & gear taken to a fair/show upon return • Animal housing between animals and isolation areas • Any equipment before sharing and when it is returned • Our own boots!

22. Bleach- Sodium hypochlorite • Should be used by adults or with adult supervision. • Wear protective equipment- read the label on the bottle! • Remove all animals from they area- bleach can irritate their mucus membranes too. • Dry the surface before using bleach- properly diluted bleach on a damp/wet surface is diluted further. • Be patient- bleach solutions require a full 10 minutes of contact time to ensure complete disinfection. • Rinse and dry before returning equipment to use or animals to an enclosure.

23. Bleach- Sodium hypochlorite Daily use formula 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or 1:32 solution • ½ cup bleach per gallon of water OR • 1 ounce of bleach per 32 ounces of water in a spray bottle • Fresh solutions should be prepared daily for the most effectiveness

24. Bleach- Sodium hypochlorite • For periodic deep cleaning use a 1:10 concentration of bleach • Remove animals from the area • Use protective equipment • 1 ½ cups bleach per gallon of water OR • 3 ounces of bleach per 32 ounces of water

25. Let Glo Germ Light the Way! • YOU can carry and spread germs too! • Use the lessons in the Glo Germ kit to practice good hand washing procedures. • Apply what you learn about ensuring hands are clean to your animal husbandry routines

26. Glo Germ Kit Your Glo Germ kit includes: • Glo Germ Gel • Glo Germ Powder • An Ultra Violet Flash Light • Hand washing lesson plans and copy pages for grades K- 6 You will need to have: • A Watch with a second hand • Warm water & soap • Paper Towels

27. Glo Germ Gel or Powder Lesson • Ask for a volunteer • Place 2 drops gel or a light sprinkling of power on each hand. • The volunteer should rub their hands together. • The volunteer should wash their hands with soap. • Use the Ultra Violet light- Can you see any Glo Germs? • Continue with the lesson in the Trainers Manual

28. Remember • Small and large 4-H animals depend on their human owners to provide them with medical care, safe, clean housing, food and clean fresh water.

29. You Are SICK Smart! • S-anitize- Cleaning AND disinfecting • I-solate- Any sick animal and animals returning from a fair/show for 14 days • C-ontact- Prevent contact at fence lines and animal nose touching • K-now- What “Normal” is for your animal

30. Extend the Learning! • Order a Bacteria Growing Kit from Steve Spangler Science- The activity in the kit is designed to have you test for bacteria on your hands, in your mouth or on the T.V. remote. However, you can also track them down in your farm yard or other animal facility.

31. Extend the Learning! • You can view the How to… video and order the kit at this link: http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/bacteria-growing-kit.html At this time the kit is available for $16.99 plus shipping. You can also use other science supply company’s kits and materials if you choose.

32. Extend the Learning- Put 4 Samples into 1 Petri Dish Draw a quadrant on the bottom of each Petri Dish before mixing and pouring the nutrient agar. Try this experiment. Select a feed bin, water trough or other item to study. Sample it 4 times: 1- before you start to clean. 2- after you clean. 3- after you disinfect with 1:32 bleach solution 4- after you disinfect with 1:10 bleach solution

33. Before you begin…think like a scientist! • Form a hypothesis about the results you will get in each of the 4 quadrants on the Petri Dish. • Once you have results, compare them to your hypothesis. • Form another hypothesis based on the information you learned and test it too!