Political Geography Review

1. Political Geography Review

2. China and Taiwan • Taiwan is NOT a member of the UN

3. Development of the “state” • Not the United “States” • City-state – first evolved in Mesopotamia • Walls defined city boundaries • City controlled land outside wall too • Led to empires Vatican City is a present-day city-state

4. Colonialism • When did it start? • Why?

5. Backstory… • In 711, Muslims conquer Spain • control for over 700 years • Spanish reconquista culminates in 1492, along side the Spanish Inquisition • Spain says convert, leave, or die to non-Christians • Need to find a new trade route to Asia, avoid more Muslim conflict

7. Very small states, less than 1000 sq. mi. – Monaco is smallest in UN Many are islands Vatican City is a microstate but not a part of the UN Microstate

8. Shapes of States Compact – little variance in distance from center to any boundary Interaction is easier Examples: Burundi, Kenya, Switzerland

9. Prorupted States An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension Can provide access to a resource Can disrupt other states Examples: Nambia, Thailand, DRC, Myanmar

10. Elongated States Long and narrow shape Can lead to isolation or hinder communication and interaction Example: Chile, Argentina

11. Fragmented State Contains several discontinuous pieces of territory Can be caused by water or other states Ex: Indonesia, Philippines, Russia

12. Perforated States Completely surrounds another state Diplomacy is crucial Ex: South Africa (perforated) and Lesotho (compact)

14. 2006 Released AP Test • Political Land Use Questions

15. Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political-administrative units in order from the largest to the smallest? • Empire, county, province, nation-state • Province, empire, nation-state, county • Empire, nation-state, province, county • County, nation-state, province, empire • Empire, nation-state, county, province

16. Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political-administrative units in order from the largest to the smallest? • Empire, county, province, nation-state • Province, empire, nation-state, county • Empire, nation-state, province, county • County, nation-state, province, empire • Empire, nation-state, county, province

17. With respect to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which of the following statements is NOT true? • It resulted in increased trade among member nations • It outlines an eventual supranational governing body for North America. • It led to a net trade deficit for the United States with Canada and Mexico • It facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector industries from the United States to Mexico • It eventually may include other Latin American countries

18. With respect to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which of the following statements is NOT true? • It resulted in increased trade among member nations • It outlines an eventual supranational governing body for North America. • It led to a net trade deficit for the United States with Canada and Mexico • It facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector industries from the United States to Mexico • It eventually may include other Latin American countries

20. The term Balkanization refers to the • Fragmentation of a region into smaller units • Introduction of an economic system of free enterprise • Spread of Slavic languages • Industrial growth in less-developed nations • Military and economic alliance of a group of countries

21. The term Balkanization refers to the • Fragmentation of a region into smaller units • Introduction of an economic system of free enterprise • Spread of Slavic languages • Industrial growth in less-developed nations • Military and economic alliance of a group of countries

23. The shape of North Carolina’s Twelfth Congressional District, shown below, is most likely the result of • Watershed boundaries • gerrymandering • County boundaries • decentralization • amalgamation

24. The shape of North Carolina’s Twelfth Congressional District, shown above, is most likely the result of • Watershed boundaries • gerrymandering • County boundaries • decentralization • amalgamation

25. The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of • Pressure groups • Nation-states • Centrifugal organizations • Supranational organizations • federations

26. The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of • Pressure groups • Nation-states • Centrifugal organizations • Supranational organizations • federations

28. Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states? • European Union (EU) • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • Association of Caribbean States (ACS) • United Nations (UN)

29. Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states? • European Union (EU) • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • Association of Caribbean States (ACS) • United Nations (UN)

30. Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be rectilinear because • The federal survey system adopted in the late eighteenth century imposed a geometric pattern on the landscape • Native American settlement patterns were rectangular • English-speaking settlers replicated the landscape patterns of England • Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid geometric pattern • There were no mountains or rivers to use as boundaries

31. Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be rectilinear because • The federal survey system adopted in the late eighteenth century imposed a geometric pattern on the landscape • Native American settlement patterns were rectangular • English-speaking settlers replicated the landscape patterns of England • Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid geometric pattern • There were no mountains or rivers to use as boundaries

33. Which of the following terms refers to an area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values? • Rimland • Heartland • Shatter belt • enclave • Gerrymandered area

34. Which of the following terms refers to an area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values? • Rimland • Heartland • Shatter belt • enclave • Gerrymandered area

36. Violent confrontations in Ambon, Aceh, and East Timor illustrate the problem of holding together the physically and culturally diverse country of • India • Indonesia • Brazil • South Africa • Yugoslavia

37. Violent confrontations in Ambon, Aceh, and East Timor illustrate the problem of holding together the physically and culturally diverse country of • India • Indonesia • Brazil • South Africa • Yugoslavia

38. Which of the following countries did NOT have a significant, long-lasting colonial presence in Africa after 1920? • Germany • Great Britain • France • Portugal • Belgium

39. Which of the following countries did NOT have a significant, long-lasting colonial presence in Africa after 1920? • Germany • Great Britain • France • Portugal • Belgium

40. The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones? • Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone • Export processing zone (EPZ) • 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone • Empowerment zone • Continental shelf

41. The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones? • Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone • Export processing zone (EPZ) • 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone • Empowerment zone • Continental shelf

43. The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to • Re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebec • Recognize the territorial rights of indigenous people in the area • Facilitate the exploration of mineral resources in the Northwest Territories • Grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk people living in eastern Canada • Guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the Atlantic Ocean

44. The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to • Re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebec • Recognize the territorial rights of indigenous people in the area • Facilitate the exploration of mineral resources in the Northwest Territories • Grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk people living in eastern Canada • Guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the Atlantic Ocean

45. Inuit people – The First Nations

46. Know these organizations and their functions • UN • EU • NATO • Warsaw Pact • NAFTA