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Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction L1

Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction L1. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD. Introduction to Physiology (0501110) Spring 2014. Textbook: Guyton Medical Textbook of Physiology By: Guyton and Hall 12 th edition. Objectives. Define first messenger (Hormones) List hormone types

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Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction L1

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  1. Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction L1 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD University of Jordan

  2. Introduction to Physiology (0501110) Spring 2014 Textbook: Guyton Medical Textbook of Physiology By: Guyton and Hall 12th edition

  3. Objectives • Define first messenger (Hormones) • List hormone types • Describe receptor types • Outline the hormone receptors interactions • Describe second messenger mechanism of action • List second messengers University of Jordan

  4. University of Jordan

  5. University of Jordan

  6. University of Jordan

  7. Intercellular Communication Cell Endocrine Target Cell Blood Hormone Hormone Neuroendocrine Neuron Target Cell Blood Hormone Hormone Paracrine Cell Interstitial Fluid Target Cell Hormone Hormone Autocrine Cell Interstitial Fluid Hormone

  8. University of Jordan

  9. GAS MOLECULE University of Jordan

  10. University of Jordan

  11. University of Jordan

  12. University of Jordan

  13. Endocrine Glands and Hormones • Neurohormone: • Specialized neurons that secrete chemicals into the blood rather than synaptic cleft. • Chemical secreted is called neurohormone. • Hormones: • Affect metabolism of target organs. • Help regulate total body metabolism, growth, and reproduction. University of Jordan

  14. Classes of Hormones • Peptide and Protein Hormones (amino acid chain) • Steroid Hormones (derived from chlesterol) • Amine Hormones (derived from amino acid e.g tyrosin) • Gas – Nitric Oxide (NO) University of Jordan

  15. Hormone types Circulating – circulate in blood throughout body Local hormones – act locally Paracrine – act on neighboring cells Autocrine – act on the same cell that secreted them University of Jordan

  16. University of Jordan

  17. Chemical classes of hormones • Lipid-soluble hormones- use transport proteins in the plasma • Steroid: Lipids derived from cholesterol. • Are lipophilic hormones. • Testosterone. • Estradiol. • Cortisol. • Progesterone. • Thyroid ( amine but lipid soluble) • Nitric oxide (NO) University of Jordan

  18. Chemical classes of hormones …cont • Water-soluble – circulate in “free” form in the plasma • Amines: • Hormones derived from tyrosine and tryptophan. • Polypeptides and proteins: • Polypeptides: • Chains of < 100 amino acids in length. • ADH. • Protein hormones: • Polypeptide chains with > 100 amino acids. • Growth hormone. • Eicosanoid (prostaglandins) derived from arachidonic acid (20 carbon 4 double bonds) University of Jordan

  19. Chemical Classification of Hormones …cont • Glycoproteins: • Long polypeptides (>100) bound to 1 or more carbohydrate (CHO) groups. • FSH and LH, TSH and hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) They have α and β subunits (α is common and β is specific) • Hormones can also be divided into: • Polar: • H20 soluble. • Nonpolar (lipophilic): • H20 insoluble. • Can gain entry into target cells. • Steroid hormones and T4 (thyroxine –tetraiodothyronine)) University of Jordan

  20. Prohormones and Prehormones • Prohormone: • Precursor is a longer chained polypeptide that is cut and spliced together to make the hormone. • Proinsulin – gives insulin • Preprohormone: • Prohormone derived from larger precursor molecule. • Preproinsulin. • Prehormone: • Molecules secreted by endocrine glands that are inactive until changed into hormones by target cells. • T4 converted to T3 (tri-iodothyronin). University of Jordan

  21. Peptide & Protein Hormones Gland/Tissue Hormones Gland/Tissue Hormones University of Jordan

  22. Synthesis and secretion of peptide hormones University of Jordan

  23. Amine Hormones Gland/Tissue Hormones University of Jordan

  24. Synthesis of Amine Hormones Tyrosine tyrosine hydroxylase L-Dopa dopa decarboxylase Dopaminergic Neurons Dopamine dopamine  -hydroxylase Adrenergic Neurons Norepinephrine phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase Thyroid Hormones Epinephrine Thyroid Gland Adrenal Glands

  25. Steroid Hormones Hormones Gland/Tissue University of Jordan

  26. Thank you

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