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Remote Sensing SPOT and Other Moderate Resolution Satellite Systems

Remote Sensing SPOT and Other Moderate Resolution Satellite Systems. SPOT. Le Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre (Earth Observation System). SPOT 1, 2, 4. http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/spacebrn.htm. 1. SPOT 1,2,3. A French satellite system

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Remote Sensing SPOT and Other Moderate Resolution Satellite Systems

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  1. Remote SensingSPOT and Other Moderate Resolution Satellite Systems

  2. SPOT Le Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre (Earth Observation System) SPOT 1, 2, 4 http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/spacebrn.htm

  3. 1. SPOT 1,2,3 • A French satellite system - SPOT-1 was launched in Feb 21, 1986 - SPOT-2 in 1990 - SPOT-3 in 1993 • The first commercial system designed to provide high quality service and data for operational users worldwide

  4. 2. Orbits • Altitude 832km • Inclination 98.70 • 10:30am passes descending point • 26 days for vertical observation, 1-4 days for oblique observations

  5. 3. SPOT Sensor Systems • Components      - two identical High Resolution Visible (HRV) imaging systems – pushbroom         - a telemetry transmitter, and magnetic tape recorders

  6. 3. The Pushbroom Technique • “Pushbroom" scans based on charge coupled devices (CCD) which allows imaging the entire data line along track • A linear array of CCDs each corresponding to a pixel •  Pushbroom allows longer lifetime, reduced geometric errors, and longer dwell time

  7. 3. Pushbroom .. • A 6,000-detector subarray for the panband • Three 3,000-detector subarrays for the three multispectral bands respectively • The pointable mirror is controlled by the ground station to acquire oblique images A: Linear Array of DetectorsB: Focal Plane of ImageC: LenseD: Ground Resolution Cell http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec11.html

  8. 4. SPOT Resolutions • Panchromatic mode • Multispectral mode

  9. 4. Resolutions - Pan • Panchromatic mode  - spectral resolution: 0.51-0.73microm  - radiometric resolution: 256 level of brightness  - spatial resolution: 10x10m  - temporal resolution: 2.5-26 days

  10. 4. Resolutions - XS • Multispectral configuration  - spectral resolution:  band1: 0.50-0.59mm (green) band2: 0.61-0.68mm (red) band3: 0.79-0.89mm (near infrared)  - radiometric resolution: 256 levels  - spatial resolution: 20x20m  - temporal resolution: 2.5-26 days

  11. 5. The Nadir Viewing • The nadir viewing • The off-nadir viewing

  12. 5. The Nadir Viewing .. • The two 60km swath overlap 3km • The total swath is 117km

  13. 5. The Off-Nadir Viewing.. • Can view in a maximum 27o in 45 steps of 0.6o each • Can view an area of a maximum 950km, with each scene 60-80km http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec11.html

  14. 5. The Off-Nadir Viewing .. • The same area can be viewed from different angles to acquire stereo coverage • The twin sensors can operate in different viewing angles http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/spot.htm#vegetn

  15. SPOT 1, 2, 3 • SPOT 1 was withdrawn in 1990 • SPOT 2 is deorbited in 2009 • SPOT 3 stopped in 1997

  16. 6. SPOT 4, 5, and 6 SPOT 4 SPOT 5 SPOT 6 http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/spot5.htm

  17. 6. SPOT 4 • Launched on Mar 23, 1998 • High Resolution Visible and Infrared (HRVIR) • An additional mid-infrared 1.58-1.75mm for vegetation, mineral, and soil moisture monitoring • Replace the pan band with a red band that produces both 10m black/white and 20m XS data • A wide IFOV Vegetation Monitoring Instrument with 1km resolution, 2250km swath, B, R, NIR, MIR bands

  18. 6. SPOT 5 • Launched on May 3, 2002 • Replace HRVIR with two high resolution geometric instruments (HRG) • A 5m pan band, 10m G, R, NIR bands, and a 20m MIR band • High resolution stereoscopic (HRS) instrument, prepares 10m global wide DEM

  19. 6. SPOT 6 • Launched on September 9, 2012 • Altitude 694 Km • A 1.5m pan band, 8mB, G, R, NIR bands • High resolution stereoscopic (HRS) instrument, prepares 10m global wide DEM

  20. 7. SPOT Data • Direct transmission occurs within 2,600km to the ground stations, otherwise tape recorders are used •  SPOT Image Co. • http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/147-spot-6-7 http://www.astrium-geo.com/na/

  21. Moderate Resolution Land Satellites • IRS (the Indian Remote Sensing) • RESURS-01 (Russia) • ADEOS (ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite, Japan) • JERS-1 (Japan)

  22. 1. IRS (The Indian Remote Sensing) • Developed, launched, and operated by the Republic of India • IRS-1A (1988) and IRS-1B (1991)   - XS bands similar to TM bands 1-4   - spatial resolutions 72.5 m and 36.5m   - 140+ km swath • IRS-1C (1995) and IRS-1D (1997)   - XS bands 23m resolution, a MIR band 70m resolution   - a pan band 5.8m resolution   - Wide Field Sensor 188m resolution, 774km swath

  23. 2. RESURS-01 1-4 (Russia) •  The series was launched by Russia in 1985, 1988, 1994, 1998 • RESURS-01 3, 4  - 29-45m, 140-185m resolution for the green, red, and 2 NIR bands   - 520-740m resolution for the thermal band   - 600-710km swath   - 4-day temporal resolution at the equator, daily at high latitudes

  24. 3. ADEOS (ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite, Japan) • Launched by Japan in 1996 • The Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer   - B, G, R, NIR bands, 16m resolution   - a pan band 8m resolution   - 80km swath •  Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor    - 8 bands in visible and NIR, 4 bands in thermal region    - 700m resolution, 3 day temporal resolution

  25. 4. JERS-1 (Japan) • Developed by Japan, 1992-1998 •  Optical Scanner - uses pushbroom scanning in 7 visible, NIR, and MIR bands - stereoscopic observation - 18x24m resolution - 75km swath

  26. 5. Other satellites • launched since 2000 by many countries China-Brazil, korea, European space agency, Algeria, Turkey, Nigeria, UK, India, Thailand, Russia, China

  27. Readings • Chapter 6

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