Unit Five

1. Unit Five England as Seen by Americans

2. Listening & speaking Asking For And Giving Reasons • "why": Why did you do that?/ Why did you think so? • What‘s the reason for sb. doing sth.?/ What does sb. do sth. for?/ Do you have any excuse? Why?/ But why?/ What for?/ Why not? • “because” so as to/ The reason ... is that.../ There is a good case for.../ The point is that.../ Owing to.../ Only because.../ For... / Thanks to ... / Due to... www.wondershare.com

3. How to ask for reasons: 1. Why did you think so? 2. Why don’t you …? 3. How has it come about that …? 4. Could you tell me why …? 5. What makes you choose …/think so? 6. Do you know why …? 7. How come …? 8. Why was that?

4. How to give reasons: 1. I’d prefer to … 2. One reason is that … 3. Another reason is that … 4. I mean … 5. My point is that … 6. The main reason was that … 7. My reason for asking this question is this … 8. Just because …

5. Listen to Conversation One and complete the tasks on page 65, then answer: • What did Derby invite Tom to do? What did he say? A: Henry and I want to go bowling tomorrow evening. Why don’t you come along? • Why and how did Tom decline the invitation? A: Well, I’d love to, but actually I can’t make it. I’ve got a lot of homework to do.

6. Follow-up practice: Make a telephone conversation in which A invites B to go for a picnic in the coming weekend, but B declines the invitation by giving specific reasons. www.wondershare.com

7. Listen to Conversation Two and complete the tasks on page66, then answer: • What reasons are given by Mr. Parker of his preference for living in the country? A: One reason is that the people there are friendlier and there is a lot of fresh air. He thinks life is generally healthier in the country and he likes being close to nature. And another reason is that there is less traffic, and fewer people. And he enjoys the peace and quiet of the countryside.

8. Follow up practice: Make dialogues with your partner, asking for and giving reasons based on the following situations. Your roommate looks worried. Your friend feels like going to America for his holiday. Your friend prefers to listen to the Chinese folk music. A student is late for the class. www.wondershare.com

9. Listening and Speaking • Listen to the conversation one on page 68 and make your own --- your impression of the people and culture in the places you have travelled. • Listen to the conversation two on page 69, and Role-play the conversation. You can make your own conversation on how to spend the summer holiday.

10. Text: England as seen by Americans • New words and phrases 1. average：n. result of adding several amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amounts adj. of the ordinary or usual standard e.g. The average age of the boys in this class is 15. Tom's work at school is above the average. an average of/on an average/on (the) average 2. enthusiastic: full of enthusiasm over/about. n. enthusiasm feel no enthusiasm about/for an idea be in enthusiasm/ with enthusiasm: filled with enthusiasm n. enthusiast: person filled with enthusiasm

11. Text: England as seen by Americans 3. over-: prefix (1) forming ns, adjs, vs, and advs: above, outside overcoat: long warm coat worn outside overhang: hang over or stand out overhead: above one’s head (2)used with ns, vs, adjs, and advs: too much overcrowded, overdraft/overdraw; overeat; overcharge 4. inquisitive: If someone is inquisitive, they like asking lots of questions and finding out about things, especially about other people, usually used with a negative sense. inquiring: If someone is inquiring, they have a great interest in learning about new things, usually used with a positive attitude.

12. Text: England as seen by Americans 5. inferior: adj. low(er) in rank, social position, importance, quality, etc. e.g. The food at that restaurant is inferior. · be inferior to: not as good as: e.g. These oranges are inferior to those I bought last week. n. inferiority: inferiority complex superior: adj. better than average n. person of higher rank, position n. superiority: superiority complex · be superior to

13. Text: England as seen by Americans 6. compare: examine people or things to see how they are alike and how they are different compare A with/and B e.g. Compare your work with hers, you’ll find hers is better. Compared with/to: used at the beginning of a sentences e.g. Compared with Jinan, Dongying is a small city. Compare sb/sth to : e.g. Poets always compare red roses to love. 7. admit: n. admission admit sb/sth to/into: (1) allow sb to enter (2) accept sb into a hospital as a patient or into a school as a pupil e.g. He was admitted to Beijing University. admit to sth/doing sth: confess e.g. He never admitted to being wrong.

14. Text: England as seen by Americans • at the time: at a certain time in the past e.g. I agreed at the time but later changed my mind. 9. look forward to: e.g. The children were eagerly looking forward to the party. I'm looking forward to your early reply 10. get into somebody: (of a feeling) affect or influence sb e.g. I don’t know what has got into him. get into sth: (1) put on with difficulty: e.g. I can’t get into these shoes, they are too small. (2) start a career : get into journalism (3) acquire or develop sth: get into bad habit (4) reach a state or condition : get into trouble/debt

15. Text: England as seen by Americans • Pre-reading tasks: • What do the differences between British homes and American homes tell us about their personalities? Different attitudes towards life and work 2. Which of the following adjectives will you use to describe the English and the Americans? And why?

16. cold, not very open enthusiastic, spontaneous A friend is a friend for life. become too friendly too soon respected inquisitive, thought to be a little inferior in the eye of the English keep a certain distance stand closer when they are talking Private lives, holidays, gardens, animals Work most important Tea breaks get longer and longer, make the most ridiculous excuses for not working. Work comes first, like Japanese Working harder Inefficient, safer, more relaxed, more enjoyable A lot easier, shops are open all the time, easy to make and spend money

17. Text: England as seen by Americans Para. 1-6 1. The average Englishman is cold and not very open. (Typical) 2. When I first came, I couldn’t understand why I was getting so little reaction from people, but now I see that they thought I was overpowering and that I was trying to be too friendly too soon. • [paraphrase] When I wanted to talk with the strangers in the subway, I got little response. And now I know that they thought I was so active and eager to make friends with them.

18. Text: England as seen by Americans Questions: 1. What is average Englishman like? A: ·He is usually cold and not very open. 2.What is an average American like in contrast? A: He is a lot more enthusiastic and spontaneous than an Englishman. 3.What problem did Terry meet with when she first came to England? A: When she first came to England, she got little attention from people, and she was thought to be overpowering and too friendly too soon.

19. Text: England as seen by Americans • Para. 7-10 1. Does the Englishman improve as you get to know him? · improve: to be changed and become better and better · "get to do" refers to a certain kind of change that one reaches; the stage at which one is doing sth. or start doing sth. e.g. I think you are getting to understand me. She was getting to have opinion of own. Note that when the phrase "get to" means "begin to do sth. or reach the point where one does sth.", and it is used in the form " get to doing sth." e.g. Lying in bed, unable to sleep, I got to thinking how nice it would be to go away and start a new life somewhere else.

20. Text: England as seen by Americans 2. Once you have made a friend, it’s a friend for life. [paraphrase] If you make friend with a person, he will be your friend for the rest of your life. 3. An Englishman in America is respected. • respect: v. & n. to admire or have a high opinion of sb./sth. e.g. Respect your elders! They respected the artist's last wishes and burned all his letters. respected/respectable/respectful /respective

21. · In thatrespect we’re quite like the Japanese. a particular aspect, feature, or detail respect: n. particular aspect or detail e.g. In many respects, John is the best boy we had in the school. This room is fine except in one respect — what can I sit on ? 4. An American, though, in England is thought to be a little inferior because of his behaviour and his language. [paraphrase] In British people’s opinion, our Americans are lower than them because of our behaviour and language. All in all, they look down on the Americans. www.wondershare.com

22. Text: England as seen by Americans • Question: How would an Englishman in America be treated? A: Americans would respect him, want to talk to him, and love his accent and his country. • Question: How would the English treat an American in England? A: They would think he is a little inferior because of his behavior and his language. • Question:Why would an Englishman move backwards when talking to Terry? A: An Englishman would move backwards as he thought that Terry was standing too close to him when they were talking. The English like a certain distance.

23. Text: England as seen by Americans • Para. 11—14: 1. What about ... ?: used at the beginning of a question when you ask for a suggestion, offer, or request, or ask for information. e.g. What about a glass of wine? What about your holiday (= tell me about your holiday)? 2. Inefficient: people wasting time in what one does, but failing to do it well or quickly enough 3. This leads to another very important point. Lead to: to contribute to, to result in e.g. Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. Different opinions led to arguments. 4. I heard the other day. --- I heard several days ago.

24. Text: England as seen by Americans Question: What does Terry think of life in the States compared with that in England? A: She thinks life is a lot easier in the States; it’s easier to make money there, and it’s also easier to spend it. Question:Why does Terry think life in England is inefficient? A: In England, supermarkets close early, so people have to race to reach the supermarket by 5:30. And good services are hard to get. For example, it takes days to get an electrician. When he does come, he is not able to do a good job. Question:What is important to the English? A: Their private lives, holidays, gardens, and animals are important to them.

25. Text: England as seen by Americans Question:What is the difference between an American and an Englishman in their attitudes towards work? A: Americans consider their work as the most important thing in their lives and they work much harder than the English. Englishmen have longer holidays and longer tea breaks and may even make ridiculous excuses for not going to work.

26. Text: England as seen by Americans • Para. 14-15: I take it you have a pretty negative opinion of England. · take it: to assume or suppose e.g. May I take it that you agree? I take it from your silence that you don't want to go. [paraphrase] I don’t think you have a good impression on England. Questions: Which kind of life does Terry love? And why? A: She thinks England has become her new home. And she finds life here safer, more relaxed, and more enjoyable.

27. Text: England as seen by Americans • Summary of the text • Terry thinks that there are quite a few differences between England and America. The average Englishman is cold and not very open, while the Americans are more enthusiastic and spontaneous. An Englishman in America is respected, and everyone wants to talk to him. An American, though, in England is thought to be a little inferior because of his behaviour and his language. And she thinks life is a lot easier in the States. For Americans, their work is the most important thing in their lives; to the English their private lives are important. In spite of these, Terry has gotten into English habits!

28. Thank you!