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The Middle East

The Middle East. Arab Israeli Conflict. I. Background. A. Palestinians are Arabs B. Palestinians/Arabs are mostly Muslim. C. 70 AD- Jews are kicked out of Jerusalem by Rome, they popululate Europe

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The Middle East

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  1. The Middle East Arab Israeli Conflict

  2. I. Background • A. Palestinians are Arabs • B. Palestinians/Arabs are mostly Muslim

  3. C. 70 AD- Jews are kicked out of Jerusalem by Rome, they popululate Europe • 1. Hundreds of years of Jewish oppression of Jews include; Pogroms, inquisitions, and the Holocaust • 2. Jews in Europe become tired of persecution and anti-Semitism • D. 1890’s the Zionism movement gains strength • 1. Zionism – the desire for a Jewish homeland • Theodore Hertzl – promoter of movement • European Jews began buying land in traditional homeland (then, known as Palestine)

  4. The result of a pogrom against Jews in Russia in 1905 Many in Russia wrongly blamed the Jews for the assassination of Tsar Nicholas II. Image from: wikipedia.org

  5. Images from: wikipedia.org

  6. A land auction in 1909 – the results of which were the beginnings of modern-day Tel-Aviv.

  7. II. WWI • A. Britain at war with Ottoman Empire (who control Palestine) • B. To gain support, the British promise Palestinians independence and Jews a homeland • 1917 Balfour Declaration – Gave the Jewish Zionists the support of the British Government • C. 1920 British Mandate – Britain controls all of Palestine and grants no Jewish homeland or Arab independence

  8. From:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BritishMandatePalestine1920.jpgFrom:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BritishMandatePalestine1920.jpg

  9. WWII • A. Following the Holocaust, there is a push from the UN to grant the Jews a homeland • B. 1947 UN Partition Plan- British turn over control of Palestine • 1. Areas are created for Arabs (Palestine) and Jews (Israel) • May 14, 1948 – State of Israel Declared

  10. Which side is not happy with this?

  11. IV. Conflict Begins • A. 1948 War • 1. May 15, 1948, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, and Lebanon attack Israel • 2. Israel wins; Israel gains more land and a million Palestinian refugees are created • B. 1967 War/ Six Days war • 1. Egypt and Syria prepare to invade Israel • 2. Israel strikes first and takes even more territory • C. Yom Kippur War

  12. D. 1982 Lebanon War • 1. Israeli troops push into southern Lebanon – goal: to push back Palestinian militants (PLO) • 2. PLO was forced to withdrawl from Lebanon

  13. To Israelis: “The War of Independence” To Palestinians: al Nakba (translation – “The Catastrophe”)

  14. Result of 1948 War Now who’s happy?

  15. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/1967_Six_Day_War_-_conquest_of_Sinai_7-8_June.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/1967_Six_Day_War_-_conquest_of_Sinai_7-8_June.jpg

  16. From: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10619929

  17. V. PLO and Others • A. Palestinian Liberation Organization - PLO • B. Created in 1964 – goal: destroy Israel and create Palestinian homeland • C. Yasser Arafat – leader until 2005 death • D. PLO is considered a terrorist organization to Israel and most Western countries • 1. Today called Palestinian National Authority – PNA, Led by Mahmoud Abbas, governs West Bank • 2. Intifada – “the shaking” - uprising against Israeli, there have been sevral of them • A. 1st: 1987-1993: 1,500 Palestinians; 400 Israelis killed • B. 2nd (aka Al Aqsa Intifada): 2000-present… • 3. The PLO has been blamed for the Munich Olympics massacre • E. Hamas – Arab extremist group, currently controls/governs Gaza Strip

  18. 2nd Intifada Bus bombing in Jerusalem Israeli troops vs. Palestinians

  19. III. Attempts at Peace • A. 1979: Camp David Accords • 1. Sadat(Egypt), Begin(Israel), Jimmy Carter (US) • 2. Sadat later assassinated by Muslim Extremists • B. 1993: Oslo Accords • 1. Arafat(Palestinians), Rabin(Israel), Bill Clinton(US) • 2. PNA (Palestinian National Authority) was created to govern areas under Palestinian control • 3. Israel had to withdrawal from Gaza and West Bank • 4. Rabin later assassinated • C. 2003: Roadmap to Peace • Abbas(Palestine), Sharon(Israel) Bush(US) • Goal: A “Two State solution”: two independent states

  20. 1978 Camp David Accords Sadat’s assassination

  21. 1993 Oslo Accords After Rabin’s assassination

  22. From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Red_Sea_Summit_in_Aqaba.jpg

  23. IV. Now • A. Israel is in the process of building a giant wall separating the West Bank from Israel • 1. Goal is to keep out suicide bombers • 2. Palestine is divided in half • 3. Drawn protest from both sides • B. Israel continues to build settlements in disputed territory prompting violent reaction from the PNA, Hamas, Al Aqsa and others • C. In 2006, Hamas was democratically elected to rule Gaza- makes foreign relations difficult

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