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Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are systems in which aquatic organisms are cultured in water which is serially reconditioned and reused. Why recirculate?. Conserves water

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Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

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  1. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

  2. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are systems in which aquatic organisms are cultured in water which is serially reconditioned and reused.

  3. Why recirculate? • Conserves water • Permits high density culture in locations where space and or water are limiting • Minimizes volume of effluent, facilitating waste recovery • Allows for increased control over the culture environment, especially indoors • Improved biosecurity • Environmentally sustainable

  4. Water Reuse Rates Semi-Closed System Open or Flow-through System Closed System 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

  5. Characteristics of Culture Tank Effluent • High concentrations of suspended and dissolved solids • High ammonia levels • High concentration of CO2 • Low levels of dissolved oxygen

  6. Recirculating System Applications • Broodstock maturation • Larval rearing systems • Nursery systems • Nutrition and health research systems • Short-term holding systems • Ornamental and display tanks • High density growout of food fish

  7. Scientific HatcheriesHuntington Beach, California

  8. Scientific HatcheriesHuntington Beach, California

  9. Seagreen TilapiaPalm Springs, California

  10. Seagreen TilapiaPalm Springs, California

  11. Kent SeaTechSouthern California

  12. Kent SeaTechPalm Springs, California

  13. Southern Farm TilapiaRaleigh, North Carolina

  14. Southern Farm TilapiaRaleigh, North Carolina

  15. Mote Marine LabSarasota, FL

  16. Mote Marine LabSarasota, FL

  17. Harbor Branch ShrimpFort Pierce, Florida

  18. Harbor Branch ShrimpFort Pierce, Florida

  19. Classification of Culture Systems • Trophic Level • Temperature • Salinity

  20. Classification of Culture Systems Examples Tropical Rainforest Tropical Display & Breeding Warmwater growout Hardy warmwater Salmonid spawning Coldwater growout Null Marine reef Marine growout Null Coldwater aquaria Coldwater growout Null Oligotrophic Warmwater Mesotrophic Eutrophic Freshwater Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Coldwater Eutrophic Recirculating Systems Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Warmwater Eutrophic Marine Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Coldwater Eutrophic

  21. Salinity Major effect on the oxygen saturation level Freshwater Less than 10 ppt Marine Greater than 10 ppt

  22. Temperature Impacts the rates of chemical and biological process at the most fundamental level Affects: bacterial growth, respiration, nitrification efficiency Cool-water species: below 20º C Warm-water species: above 20º C

  23. Trophic Level Distinguishes the level of nutrient enrichment • Oligotrophic • Mesotrophic • Eutrophic

  24. Oligotrophic • Excellent water quality • Very Clear • Used in display aquaria • Most frequently used for breeding purposes • Some species are kept in these conditions all of their lives, while others for a period of time

  25. Mesotrophic Describes the bulk of high-density production systems where risk and economics must be carefully balanced to achieve profitability • Some deterioration in aesthetics • Water quality at safe levels • Dissolved Oxygen- above 5 mg/L • TAN & Nitrite – less than 1mg-N/L • Total suspended solids – less than 15 mg/L

  26. Eutrophic Exist for the grow out of the most tolerant species that show vigorous growth under moderately deteriorated water quality conditions • Dissolved oxygen levels- economic optimum level • Ammonia & Nitrite – less than 2mg-N/L • Water quality – marginal • Species evolved under similar natural conditions prosper in these conditions

  27. Integrated Treatment An assembly of components that creates an artificial environment suitable for production, breeding or display of aquatic animals • Must be reliable • Must be cost effective • Must be compatible with the intended user group

  28. System Components Aeration & Oxygenation Disinfection & Sterilization System Control CO2 Removal Fine & Dissolved Solids Removal Solids Capture Biofiltration & Nitrification Waste Mgmt Hydraulics Water Quality, Loading, Culture Units, Species

  29. Management Decisions Economics System Design & Construction Nutrition Monitoring & System Control Biosecurity

  30. System Components Water Quality, Loading, Culture Units, Species

  31. Circular Tank Flow Pattern

  32. Alternative Drainage Strategies Two Drains

  33. Dual Drains • Cornell Dual-Drain Design • Tank depth - 1.0 m • Tank diameter - 3.0 m • Tank volume - 7.4 m3

  34. Commercial Dual Drains Aqua Optimas Aquatic EcoSystems

  35. Raceway - Plug Flow

  36. Racetrack Configuration

  37. System Components Fine & Dissolved Solids Removal Solids Capture Water Quality, Loading, Culture Units, Species Waste Mgmt

  38. P R E T R E A T M E N T M A I N T R E A T M E N T P O L I S H I N G T R E A T M E N T C o u r s e S c r e e n S e d i m e n t a t i o n T u b e S e t t l e r M i c r o s c r e e n s G r a n u l a r F i l t e r D E o r C a r t r i d g e F i l t e r F o a m F r a c t i o n a t i o n 1 0 0 7 5 5 0 3 0 1 0 P a r t i c l e S i z e i n a n I n t e n s i v e A q u a c u l t u r e S y s t e m ( A f t e r C h e n & M a l o n e , 1 9 9 1 )

  39. Sludge Removal OUTFLOW INFLOW Sludge Removal Tube Settler Settling Media

  40. Tube Settler

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