GIRLS 78% BOYS 22%

1. GIRLS 78% • BOYS 22%

2. Statistically, 78% of the girls and 22% of boys will pass my class this school year.

3. Determining Point of View/Bias/Frame of Reference • Bias- a tendency or preference towards a particular perspective • Bias is a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment • People have a point of view, or bias, which influences the way they understand and write about events • Recognizing bias helps historians judge the accuracy of what they hear or read

4. Point of View- a mental position from which things are viewed. • Point of view influences the interpretation of primary and secondary sources.

5. Determining Point of View/Bias/Frame of Reference • Historians analyze historical sources in different ways. • First, they think about where, when, and why a document was created. They consider whether a source was created close in location and time to an actual historical event. • Historians also think about the purpose of a source. Was it a personal diary intended to be kept private? Was the document prepared for the public? • Some primary sources may be judged more reliable than others, but every source is biased in some way. • As a result, historians read sources skeptically and critically. • They cross-check sources against other evidence and sources

6. Recognizing Bias • Examine the author’s identity and how his or her views and particular interests could show a bias • Identify statements of fact. • Identify expressions of opinion or emotion. • Determine the author’s point of view and how it is reflected in the work

8. When I Call Your Name…. Why are students who show up late for tests, fill in answers randomly, and then snooze for the rest of the period allowed to jeopardize school test scores and reduce the quality of instruction for motivated students? The answer is simple-compulsory attendance laws. These laws say that kids must be in school. But a study by economists William Landes and Lewis Solomon found little evidence that such laws increase attendance rates at all. Why not tell poor attendees, who are almost always failing too, “You’re done. You don’t belong here.” Private schools do it, and the ability to expel students contributes to a positive climate.

9. The author believes that schools should serve only motivated students

10. Evaluating Point of View and Frame of Reference are often interrelated skills. Frame of Reference often answers the question WHY? What elements of thinking, experience, historical or cultural context influenced or caused the person to write/create this particular artifact at this particular time?

11. Generally a person’s frame of reference is affected by their world view and/or their view of the role that they or other individuals hold in a given situation. World view creates a much more permanent “filter” through which one processes and creates. The role of the individual is much more fluid, often changing depending on context and circumstances. Understanding the context of decisions made in history is critical.

12. The Four C Strategy helps that analysis: • • Context – What was the context of the times, the situation, or the event? • • Choices – What choices did the participants have at that time? • • Course – What decision did the participants make? [What course did they take?] • • Consequences – What were the consequences [results] of the decision?

13. Page 10 • Reflect in writing about a decision you made recently and how the 4 C Strategy applies to an analysis of that decision. Write your personal responses for each of the C’s.

14. A true Texan is _________ because_____________ (List at least 3 reasons).