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Neural and Hormonal Systems P.47-51

September 27, 2013. Neural and Hormonal Systems P.47-51. Divisions of the Nervous System. Parts of the Nervous System. Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain + spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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Neural and Hormonal Systems P.47-51

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  1. September 27, 2013 Neural and Hormonal SystemsP.47-51

  2. Divisions of the Nervous System

  3. Parts of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS) • Brain + spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • Neurons through which CNS communicates with rest of body (connects muscles, glands, sense organs to brain)

  4. PNS • Two parts: • Somatic • Enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles • Autonomic • Controls glands and muscles of internal organs • E.g. heartbeat, digestion • On “auto-pilot”

  5. Autonomic Nervous System • Two functions: • Sympathetic (ready for action) • Arouses and expends energy • Parasympathetic • Conserves energy and calms Both work together to create equilibrium

  6. SympatheticNervous System Flight or Fight Response

  7. Parasympatheticm • Conserves energy, calming

  8. Contracts pupil

  9. CNS-most complex • Neural Networks • Neurons connected with other neurons • Feedback strengthens connections  LEARNING • Spinal Cord (our reflexes-automatic responses to stimuli) • Connects PNS to brain • Ascending sensory neurons • Descending motor neurons • Through interneurons • Reflexes only need S.C., not brain – If top S.C. severed, won’t feel pain/pleasure/sensation –Why? • knee jerk/headless wonder

  10. A Simplified Neural Network Brain receives info, interprets it, decides response. Neurons learn to work together as a team. Selective

  11. Chicago CTA System, Clark & Lake stop Friendships - connections

  12. Endocrine System = Communication center • Its glands secret hormones, which are similar to neurotransmitters • Hormones travel through the bloodstream and are slower than neurotransmitters Hormones Neurotransmitters

  13. Major Endocrine Glands • Pituitary • sends signals to other glands • growth hormone • Thyroid • metabolism • Adrenal • adrenaline (“fight or flight”) • Gonads (ovaries & testes) • receive signal to secret sex hormones

  14. Pituitary Gland • “Master P” • triggers sex hormones, influences brain/behavior through hypothalamus • Growth hormone

  15. Thyroid • metabolism • Problems: Hyper or hypo

  16. Adrenal • Adrenaline • Fight or Flight (emergency) hormone

  17. Gonads – ovaries or testes • Gets the signal to secrete sex hormones • Estrogen, testosterone

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