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Factors Affecting Climate

Factors Affecting Climate. http://www.theweathernetwork.com/. Climate vs. Weather. Weather is the day to day conditions of the atmosphere. Temperature Precipitation. Weather vs. Climate.

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Factors Affecting Climate

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  1. Factors Affecting Climate http://www.theweathernetwork.com/

  2. Climate vs. Weather • Weather is the day to day conditions of the atmosphere. • Temperature • Precipitation

  3. Weather vs. Climate • Climate is the daily weather conditions of a place (station) averaged over a long period; generally on a yearly basis

  4. Why is there a big difference in climate across Canada?

  5. 6 Factors That Affect Climate: • Latitude • Ocean Currents • Wind & Air Masses • Elevation • Relief • Nearness to Water

  6. 6 Factors That Affect Climate: • Latitude • Ocean Currents • Wind & Air Masses • Elevation • Relief • Near Water

  7. 1. Latitude http://atropos.as.arizona.edu/aiz/teaching/a250/lecture1.html • The farther you are located from equator the less energy you receive • Less energy = lower temperature • Link http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/TeachRes/Artwork/Sky/Equator_earth.gif

  8. http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/sun_radiation_at_earth.htmlhttp://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/sun_radiation_at_earth.html

  9. 2. Ocean Currents • Water closer to the equator is warmer as it absorbs more energy from the sun • Water warms/cools the air above it http://www.galapagosonline.com/nathistory/Oceanography/Currents.html

  10. 3. Winds and Air Masses • Air heated or cooled by land or water • Hot air rises, cold air falls • Air moves from high to low pressure = wind • Established winds are called Prevailing winds • Westerliesblow from west to east http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect14/Sect14_1c.html

  11. Boundary between cold and warm air system is called the Polar front. Above it is fast moving air called the jet stream. http://weatherstreet.com/weatherquestions/jet_stream.jpg

  12. 4. Elevation • As air rises, it expands & cools • Lower air pressure • As air cools, it leads to condensation • Clouds turn to rain/snow • Rate of cooling: 1°C/100m

  13. 5. Relief • Air rises up the windwardslope of a mountain, expands & cools • When clouds become too heavy, precipitation occurs • As cold air descends on the leeward slope, it contracts and becomes warmer. • A rain shadow is created as most of the moisture was already released (Relief Precipitation)

  14. 6. Nearness to Water • The temperature of water changes slowly • Temperature of air & land changes more quickly • 2 distinct climates: • Continental Climate (not near water) • Great temperature range • Less precipitation • Maritime Climate (near water) • Small temperature range • More precipitation

  15. Maritime vs. Continental

  16. Maritime vs. Continental

  17. Review: Factors That Affect Climate • Latitude • Ocean Currents • Wind & Air Masses • Elevation • Relief • Nearness to Water

  18. Review: Factors That Affect Climate • Latitude • Ocean Currents • Wind & Air Masses • Elevation • Relief • Nearness to Water

  19. Read pages 145 to 153 and answer the questions on the bottom of your handout.

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