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Macquarie Fields College of TAFE

Macquarie Fields College of TAFE. 1. Version 2 – 13 March 2000 1 - HARDWARE. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE. Hardware Basics Modules. 3650A Connect Hardware Peripherals 3650B Install Software Applications 3650C Maintain System Integrity 3650F Apply Occupational Health and safety

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Macquarie Fields College of TAFE

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  1. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE 1 Version 2 – 13 March 2000 1 - HARDWARE

  2. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Hardware Basics Modules • 3650A Connect Hardware Peripherals • 3650B Install Software Applications • 3650C Maintain System Integrity • 3650F Apply Occupational Health and safety • 3650G Operate Computer Hardware • 3650J Maintain equipment and consumables

  3. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Systems (some examples) • Sound • Transport • Water • Communications • Political • Government • Computer System

  4. Input Processing Storage Output Control CONTROL INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT STORAGE Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Computer System

  5. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Computer Systems • Two Basic Areas: • Hardware • Software

  6. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE What is Hardware?

  7. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Hardware • Input Devices • CPU (Central processing unit) • Output Devices • Memory or Storage (internal and external) Collectively these describe the procedures known as the Information Processing Cycle

  8. CONTROL INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT STORAGE Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Information Processing Cycle

  9. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse/Tracking ball/Pen etc • Touch Screen • Pressure Pad • Scanner

  10. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Input Devices – What they are • Keyboard • Mouse/Tracking ball/Pen etc • Touch Screen • Pressure Pad • Scanner

  11. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Keyboard The input device from which you type information into the computer. Keyboards generally have alphanumeric keys, function keys, special keys, and numeric keypad.

  12. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Mouse A mouse is a helpful tool when designing columns, boxes, and other parts of the document. It is also helpful when manipulating images

  13. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Tracker Ball Also known as trackballs. This is a device where spinning a ball moves the cursor on the screen.

  14. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Touch Screen A screen sensitive to the finger touch so that the user’s finger can select menu commands or move the cursor.

  15. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Pressure Pad A device with pre-determined co-ordinates on a pad that moves the cursor in the direction that the pressure is applied.

  16. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Scanner A scanner allows you to read images like line art, photographs, and signatures into the computer so that they can be combined with text in a document.

  17. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit (CPU)

  18. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit (CPU) • What history do you know about the CPU? • What types of CPU’s have been released? • What are the functions of the CPU?

  19. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit (CPU)The History • Early personal computers where known as XTs. • XT computers used the 8086 & 8088 processor. • These processors were 8 bit processors and processed 8 bits on an 8 bit bus.

  20. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit (CPU)The History • Next came the AT computer. • The ATs were known as the 286 as they used the 80286 processor • Both XT and AT computers were capable of only running one application at a time

  21. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit (CPU)The History • The next generation the 386 was an enhanced 286 but with distinct advantages. • This was the first processor to be capable of running multiple programs at once.

  22. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit (CPU)The History • The next Generations included: • 80486 (486) • 80586 (Pentium) • Pentium II • Today’s Pentium III

  23. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit (CPU)The History There are now three main competitors in today’s microprocessor market: • INTEL • AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) • IBM (International Business Machines )

  24. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Microprocessor – How it works Prefetch Unit BUS Interface Paging Segment RAM Decode Unit Execution Unit Arithmetic LogicUnit Math LogicUnit Registers Protect Test Unit Control Unit

  25. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit Prefetch Unit The Prefetch Unit decides when to order data and instructions from the Instruction Cache or the computer’s main memory based on commands or the task at hand. When the instructions come in the most important task for the Prefetch Unit is to be sure all the instructions are lined up correctly to send off to the Decode Unit.

  26. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Microprocessor – How it works Prefetch Unit BUS Interface Paging Segment RAM Decode Unit Execution Unit Arithmetic LogicUnit Math LogicUnit Registers Protect Test Unit Control Unit

  27. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit Bus I/O (input/output) The Bus Unit is the place where instructions flow in and out of the microprocessor from the computer’s main memory

  28. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Microprocessor – How it works Prefetch Unit BUS Interface Paging Segment RAM Decode Unit Execution Unit Arithmetic LogicUnit Math LogicUnit Registers Protect Test Unit Control Unit

  29. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit Decode Unit The Decode Unit does just that – it decodes or translates complex machine language instructions into a simple format understood by the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the Registers. This makes processing more efficient.

  30. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Microprocessor – How it works Prefetch Unit BUS Interface Paging Segment RAM Decode Unit Execution Unit Arithmetic LogicUnit Math LogicUnit Registers Protect Test Unit Control Unit

  31. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit Control Unit The control unit is one of the most important parts of the microprocessor because it is in charge of the entire process. Based on instructions from the Decode Unit, it creates control signals that tell the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the Registers how to operate, what to operate on, and what to do with the result.

  32. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Microprocessor – How it works Prefetch Unit BUS Interface Paging Segment RAM Decode Unit Execution Unit Arithmetic LogicUnit Math LogicUnit Registers Protect Test Unit Control Unit

  33. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit Protection Unit The Protection Unit verifies that the Control Unit can access the address of the first number stored in RAM. It then forwards this number to the paging and segment units where the virtual address is translated into a ‘physical address’ for the use of the Bus I/O.

  34. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Microprocessor – How it works Prefetch Unit BUS Interface Paging Segment RAM Decode Unit Execution Unit Arithmetic LogicUnit Math LogicUnit Registers Protect Test Unit Control Unit

  35. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) The ALU is the last stage of processing in the chip. The ALU is the smart part of the chip that performs commands like adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.

  36. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Microprocessor – How it works Prefetch Unit BUS Interface Paging Segment RAM Decode Unit Execution Unit Arithmetic LogicUnit Registers Protect Test Unit Control Unit

  37. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Central Processing Unit Data Cache The Data Cache works very closely with the “processing partners,” the ALU & Registers, and the Decode Unit. This is where specially labeled data from the Decode Unit are stored for later use by the ALU and where final results are prepared for distribution to different parts of the computer.

  38. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE CPUs - microprocessors • One Million or more Transistors • Two Main types of Architecture • Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) • One instruction then executes it • Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) • Combines simple instructions and executes • More speed and power

  39. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE CPUs - microprocessor • Speed is measured by number of times a second it moves data in and out of the (CPU) processor • Clock speed • Consists of millions of transistors

  40. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE CPUs - microprocessor • Transistors are .35 microns apart • One Micron is 1/100th diameter of a human hair • Reducing distance = more speed

  41. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Output Devices • Monitor • Screen/VDU/Display Screen • Printer • Modem (also an input device) • Electronic Projector

  42. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Output Devices – What they are • Monitor • Screen/VDU/Display Screen • Printer • Modem (also an input device) • Electronic Projector

  43. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Monitor The computer’s screen. The screen gives you instant feedback by displaying whatever input you have entered.

  44. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Printer The device that prints out a document. Popular printers include laser printers, dot-matrix printers, and ink-jet printers.

  45. Microcomputer Modem Modem Printer Telephone Line Sydney Melbourne Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Modem • Modem stands for: Modulator/Demodulator • Converts signals from one form to another form compatible with another kind of equipment • Widely used in data communications

  46. 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Modem

  47. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Modem Any of three techniques may be used by a modem to modulate digital data for transmission • Amplitude Modulation • Frequency Modulation • Phase Modulation

  48. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Modem • Amplitude ModulationThe modulation of a wave by variation of its amplitude. Uses the maximum modulation of a wave • Frequency ModulationThe modulation of a radio wave by variation of it’s frequency • Phase ModulationThe relative position of one complete cycle of the wave is reversed to provide the alternative wave

  49. Macquarie Fields College of TAFE Modem There are three types of modems: • The Acoustic CouplerA box with two rubber cups into which a telephone handset is placed. • The Internal Direct Connect ModemTransmits its signals directly through the channel

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