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The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method. Hypothesis. An informed guess that tries to explain how or why an event occurs. . A good hypothesis explains known facts. What is one hypothesis that explains the origins of the galaxies?. The Big Bang Theory!. Big Bang Hypothesis.

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The Scientific Method

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  1. The Scientific Method

  2. Hypothesis • An informed guess that tries to explain how or why an event occurs. • A good hypothesis explains known facts. • What is one hypothesis that explains the origins of the galaxies?

  3. The Big Bang Theory!

  4. Big Bang Hypothesis • Originally the universe was packed into one dense sphere of hydrogen, probably not much larger than our sun. • About 15 billion years ago this mass of hydrogen exploded, forming a gigantic expanding cloud. • Some parts of the cloud moved faster than others, but all parts moved outwards, away from the center.

  5. Big Bang (cont.) • As the clouds moved, the particles condensed into billions of galaxies. • They all continued to move outward, away from the center and each other. • Those moving at the fastest speeds are now farthest out in space.

  6. What force caused the particles to condense? Gravity!

  7. Gravity • The force of gravity is directly related to the mass of the objects and how close they are to each other. • Mass – the amount of matter (stuff) in an object or substance. • Weight – the effect of gravity on an object or substance.

  8. Steps in the Scientific Method • State the Problem • What am I trying to figure out? • Gather Information • Find out what is already known by research and observation • Make a Hypothesis • Propose a solution based on your information • An educated guess about the relationship between the variables you will be testing

  9. Variables - factors that change • Perform a Controlled Experiment or Collect Field Data • Independent Variable – the variable that is purposefully changed by the experimenter • Dependent Variable – the variable that responds to the change (the outcome) • Constants – all factors that remain the same and have a fixed value in an experiment • Control - a duplicate setup of the experiment you are performing with everything identical except for the variable that you are testing • Confounding variable – variables that the researcher failed to control, or eliminate, damaging the validity of an experiment

  10. Perform a Controlled Experiment or Collect Field Data • Data • Information from experiments, measurement, research and observation

  11. Propose a Theory • Accepted hypothesis based on evidence • Test • Again and again and publish so that: • Others may verify results

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