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FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY. CHAPTER 2. Chem review. Chemical bonding (its all about the electrons) water and polarity (like dissolves like) pH - acids and bases (7 is neutral) organic chemistry (4 bonds on every carbon). Chemical Building Blocks.

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FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

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  1. FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 2

  2. Chem review Chemical bonding (its all about the electrons) water and polarity (like dissolves like) pH - acids and bases (7 is neutral) organic chemistry (4 bonds on every carbon)

  3. Chemical Building Blocks • Atoms- smallest functional unit of matter • Elements/Isotopes (dif #s of neutrons) • Molecules - covalently bonded atoms • Compounds - mixed bonded atoms

  4. Atomic Structure • Proton +charge • Neutron 0 • Electron -

  5. Atomic Properties • Atomic Number • Atomic Weight • Moles

  6. Chemical Bonds — Ionic

  7. Chemical Bonds — Covalent

  8. Chemical Bonds — Hydrogen

  9. Chemical Reactions • Catabolic - break down (usually gives off energy) • Anabolic - build up (usually requires energy)

  10. Important Biological Molecules • Water

  11. Important Biological Molecules • Solutions/Colloids • Acids/Bases

  12. Monosaccharides Polysaccharides Organic Molecules — Carbohydrates

  13. Monosaccharides Polysaccharides Organic Molecules — Carbohydrates

  14. Organic Molecules — Lipids • Triglycerides • Phospholipids • Sterols

  15. Organic Molecules — Lipids

  16. Organic Molecules — Proteins • Amino Acids

  17. Protein Structure • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

  18. Protein Structure (cont.) • Quaternary

  19. Organic Molecules — Nucleic Acids • Nucleotides

  20. Organic Molecules — Nucleic Acids • Nucleotides

  21. Organic Molecules — Nucleic Acids • Polymer structure

  22. Functional groups • Alcohol -OH • Ether R-O-R • Ester • Ketone • Aldehyde

  23. 3 Carbon molecules Alcohols 2-propanol 1-propanol Ethers Acids Ethyl methyl ether Propanoic acid Esters Methyl ethanoate Ethyl methanoate

  24. C H C H N H 3 2 C H 3 3 Carbon molecules Aldehydes Ketones 2-propanone propanal Amines propylamine trimethylamine ethylmethylamine Amides propanamide isopropylamine

  25. 2 Carbon molecules Alcohols Ethers dimethyl ether ethanol Acids Esters ethanoic acid methyl methanoate Aldehydes Ketones No ketones are possible (3 C minimum) ethanal Amines Amides dimethylamine ethanamide ethylamine

  26. 4C carboxylic acids butanoic acid isobutanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid

  27. Chemistry and Microbiology • Charges on Molecule/ pH • Polarity of Molecule/Hydrophobicity • RedOx/electron transfer

  28. Change in pH effects charges

  29. Like dissolves Like Nonpolar molecules

  30. How Soap Works

  31. ReDox (Reduction Oxidation)

  32. ReDox (Reduction Oxidation)

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