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14.3 & 14.4 Notes

14.3 & 14.4 Notes. Climate Changes & Human Factors. Main Idea 1:. Earth’s early atmosphere was far different t han it is today!. Early Atmosphere Conditions. Describe origin of Earth’s early gases: -Hydrogen & Helium dominated!! -Volcanoes produced CO 2 & H 2 O.

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14.3 & 14.4 Notes

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  1. 14.3 & 14.4 Notes Climate Changes & Human Factors

  2. Main Idea 1: Earth’s early atmosphere was far different than it is today!

  3. Early Atmosphere Conditions • Describe origin of Earth’s early gases: -Hydrogen & Helium dominated!! -Volcanoes produced CO2 & H2O. -Methane & Ammonia formed from early chemical reactions.

  4. Changes caused by Bacteria Explain: Ancient Cyanobacteria photosynthesized to produce Oxygen & Ozone. O2 helped animals to respire. 03 helpedprotect Earth against solar UV radiation. Evidence: Fossil records from Australian rocks.

  5. Main Idea #2 Changes in oceanic & atmospheric currents can have drastic effects on weather.

  6. Normal Conditions Western Pacific: Typically very warm, rainy due to Easterly Trade Winds that bring warmth & push ocean waters westerly. • Pressure:LOWER

  7. Normal Conditions Eastern Pacific: Air is cooler b/c winds blow away the warmth; also upwelling of cool, nutrient-rich ocean water. Pressure:HIGH • Diagram:

  8. El “Warmo” Nino/Southern Oscillation Define: The wind-driven movement of warm water in the Pacific shifts “backwards”; causes extreme global weather disruptions . Changes in Pacific Pressure: W. Pacific get high pressure, & E. Pacific gets low pressure (just opposite of “normal”).

  9. El Nino/Southern Oscillation Effects on trade winds: They get weakened & blow backwards, from W to E. Weather effects: E. Pacific gets WARMER & rainier, & it loses its upwelling of rich nutrients (CRASHES THE FISHERIES!!). W. Pacific gets cooler & drier.

  10. El nino/Southern Oscillation Cycle duration: Every 3-7 yrs; last about 1.5 yrs. Diagram:

  11. La “Dramatic” Nina Describe: Pressure & trade winds reverse DRAMATICALLY Upwelling in Eastern Pacific: GETS way too COLD! Western Pacific Conditions: Gets WETTER than normal! Eastern Pacific Conditions: GETs DRIER than normal!! Cycle duration: 9-12 months.

  12. NOAA National Oceanic& Atmospheric Administration Measures: Water temp, currents, wind speeds Tools Include: Satellites, drifting buoys, moored buoys, ROV’s

  13. Main Idea #3: Climate changes naturally over time, but some evidence suggests that human activities may be augmentingthese changes.

  14. Ozone depletion(caused by CFC’s) Define: The ozone layer is a belt of naturally occurring ozone (O3) gas that is 9-19 miles above Earth. It acts as a shield from harmful UV-B radiation from the sun. Uses for Humans: We use CFC’s in air conditioning, old refrigerators, & solvents as some examples.

  15. Atmospheric effects: The chlorine from the CFC Will react with the ozone, And causes it to break Down into Cl-O and O2. This reduces the “shield Effect”

  16. Human effects: Humans contribute to ozone depletion by using things that emit CFC’s. These CFC’s inadvertently cause more UV-B radiation resulting in humans being afflicted by skin damage; ie skin aging & cancer.

  17. Air Pollution: Common causes: Cars, factories, burning Of farmland for example. And all of these Give off CO2 & other “harmful” gases.

  18. Greenhouse Effect (caused by Carbon Dioxide): Describe: The atmosphere close to Earth naturally contains CO2. This “blanket” of CO2 causes heat that is reflected off Earth’s surfaces to bounce (reflect back) down to Earth. As humans use more cars, burn fires, etc.. These activities increase the amount of CO2, thus more heat can get “trapped” near Earth.

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