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THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION. Catholic Church. Believed the Heavens were spiritual Believed the Earth was the center of the Universe (Deductive Reasoning) God was in a specific place in the Heavens Based many of their scientific views on the ideas of Aristotle. Ptolemy.

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THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

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  1. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

  2. Catholic Church • Believed the Heavens were spiritual • Believed the Earth was the center of the Universe (Deductive Reasoning) • God was in a specific place in the Heavens • Based many of their scientific views on the ideas of Aristotle

  3. Ptolemy • Put forth the Geocentric or “Earth Centered” idea of the Universe • The movements of Ptolemy universe was very complex • This was the accepted notion of the universe for hundreds of years

  4. Copernicus • Wrote “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” in 1543 • Heliocentric (Sun Centered) universe • Earth turns on its axis and around the sun • Moon revolved around the earth

  5. Church Initial Reaction to Copernicus • Nobody thought that he “really” believed that the sun was the center of the universe! • Some of his findings will actually help to fix the calendar • Not a real threat to Aristotle’s ideas

  6. Galileo • First to use the telescope • Mountains on the moon, sunspots, 4 Jupiter moons • “Starry Messenger” 1610 • Church ordered Galileo to abandon the Copernican idea

  7. Brahe • First to discover Comets moving in “through” Aristotle’s Crystal Spheres • Placed the Earth at the center of the universe

  8. Kepler • Orbits are not circular, but elliptical (egg shaped) • Sun toward the end of orbits instead of the center

  9. Descartes • “Discourse on Method” 1637 • First principle “I think therefore I am ”Second principle: Mind and Matter are completely separate • Father of modern Rationalism: System of thought is based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

  10. Newton • Wrote the “Principia” • Universal law of gravitation • Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity

  11. Francis Bacon • Scientific Method: Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence. • Inductive Reasoning: systematic observations and carefully organized experiments to test hypotheses. • Human power could conquer nature in action

  12. Suppose that you are an astronomer during the mid 1500’s. Write a short speech to the Pope explaining why the scientific method would reveal scientific truth more accurately than reliance upon traditional authorities.

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