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Lateral Thinking Techniques and Puzzles

Learn about the different techniques of lateral thinking and challenge yourself with some fun puzzles that require creative problem-solving. Improve your problem-solving skills and think outside the box.

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Lateral Thinking Techniques and Puzzles

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  1. Chapter 15 OrganizationalTechniques

  2. Lateral thinking Attempting to solve a problem by using non-traditional methods in order to create and identify new concepts and ideas. • Lateral search - aimed at looking for as many alternatives as possible. • Challenging assumptions – restructuring ones views and patterns may give more insights into the problems. • Fractionation – breaking things down into their constituent parts. • Brainstorming – generating a cross-stimulation of ideas. Lateral thinking is a way of attacking problems from other angles, as opposed to the more traditional linear and logical ways.

  3. Lateral Thinking Puzzles Two Coins • Bill is on a raft in the ocean with several other survivors of a shipwreck. The others are too weak, so he or Mike must swim to a nearby island to look for help. It's almost certainly suicidal, due to the circling sharks, but there is little else to hope for. Mike takes the lose change from his pocket and puts two pennies in a hat. He tells Bill that one is a 2005 penny, and the other 1975. If Bill picks the newer penny he can stay on the raft, and Mike will risk his life. If Bill picks the older penny, he must go. Bill has seen that both pennies were actually dated 1975, but he doesn't want to say anything, because Mike is a big guy. How does he win, and get Mike to go, without exposing him as a fraud in front of the others?

  4. Lateral Thinking Puzzles The SpeechA well-known politician wrote a long speech. How did it help his career even before he gave the speech? The ConventJohn came to visit at a convent while the superior mother was out of town. He left before she returned, and was careful to leave nothing behind. The nuns said nothing about his visit, so how did the superior mother figure out that a man had been there? Switching On Your Lateral ThinkingYou are shown three switches outside a closed room. There are three lamps inside the room. You can flip the switches on and off as much as you want while the door remains closed, but then you must enter just once and determine quickly which switch is connected to which lamp. How can you do it?

  5. Solutions To The Lateral Thinking Puzzles • Two Coins: Bill reaches into the hat and takes out either penny. He lets it slip out of his hand and fall into the ocean. Apologizing, he suggests that if the remaining penny in the hat is the 1975 one, he must have drawn the 2005 penny. Mike cannot argue with the logic unless he wants to admit to lying. Since the others won't tolerate a liar anyhow, he makes the swim.

  6. Solutions To The Lateral Thinking Puzzles The Speech: A true story solution: In 1912, President Teddy Roosevelt was shot in the chest. The folded-up manuscript of his speech was in his breast pocket, and slowed the bullet, saving his life, and so helping his career. The Convent: John left a toilet seat up. Switching On Your Lateral Thinking: Turn on the first one on for a minute, then turn it off and turn the second on. Enter the room and feel the two bulbs that are off. The warm one was turned on by the first switch, the light that is on is connected to the second, and the other to the third.

  7. Brainstorming - problems

  8. Requirements analysis Techniques for improved requirements analysis – future analysis, risk analysis and lateral thinking Pg. 297

  9. Critical success factors (CSFs) CSFs are those factors – skills, tasks or behavior – that can be considered critical to the continued success of an organization. For a project, they will represent those elements that are crucial to its success.

  10. These Eight Critical Sales Success Factors summarize the most important processes to succeed in today's marketplace. They are guidelines to assess strengths and weaknesses against the business development processes that ensure profitable growth. www.chally.com/enews/issue10/EightFactors.html

  11. A scenario is simply a description of one possible future. Scenario planning An internally consistent view of what the future might turn out to be. Plans can be made on the basis of these scenarios. Three ways of identifying future scenario: • Expert scenarios • Morphological approaches • Cross-impact approaches

  12. Other Approaches • Future analysis - is a technique aimed at predicting potential change in the environment of the IS so that it can be designed to cope with that change when and if it occurs. • Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats Analysis (SWOT) - A SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture or in any other situation requiring a decision.

  13. SWOT SWOTs are defined precisely as follows: • Strengths are attributes of the organization that are helpful to the achievement of the objective. • Weaknesses are attributes of the organization that are harmful to the achievement of the objective. • Opportunities are external conditions that are helpful to the achievement of the objective. • Threats are external conditions that are harmful to the achievement of the objective.

  14. 1. How can we Use each Strength? 2. How can we Stop each Weakness? 3. How can we Exploit each Opportunity? 4. How can we Defend against each Threat?

  15. Case-based reasoning (CBR) • Case-based reasoning- is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. • An auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using CBR. • A lawyer who advocates a particular outcome in a trial based on legalprecedents or a judge who creates case law is using CBR. • An engineer copying working elements of nature (practicing biomimicry), is treating nature as a database of solutions to problems.

  16. Case-basedreasoning has been formalized for purposes of computer reasoning as a four-step process: 1. Retrieve: Given a target problem, retrieve cases from memory that are relevant to solving it. A case consists of a problem, its solution, and, typically, annotations about how the solution was derived. 2. Reuse: Map the solution from the previous case to the target problem. This may involve adapting the solution as needed to fit the new situation. 3. Revise: Having mapped the previous solution to the target situation, test the new solution in the real world (or a simulation) and, if necessary, revise. 4. Retain: After the solution has been successfully adapted to the target problem, store the resulting experience as a new case in memory.

  17. Risk analysis • Risk analysis - involves identifying the most probable threats to an organization and analyzing the related vulnerabilities of the organization to these threats. • Risk analysis process provides the foundation for the entire recovery planning effort.

  18. End of Chapter 15 Thank You for Your Attention

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