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Fluid Properties

Fluid Properties. Chapter 16 Section 2. What is a Fluid?. Fluid: any matter that can flow Flow: movement of the matter The matter does not have a definite shape. Density. Density is the mass in a given volume As an equation: ρ = m/V

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Fluid Properties

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  1. Fluid Properties Chapter 16 Section 2

  2. What is a Fluid? • Fluid: any matter that can flow • Flow: movement of the matter • The matter does not have a definite shape

  3. Density • Density is the mass in a given volume • As an equation: • ρ = m/V • In fluids, less dense materials will float on more dense materials

  4. Viscosity • Viscosity: • Resistance to flow • High viscosity fluid does not want to flow much • Due to the chemical nature of the fluid • Temperature affects viscosity… how?

  5. Buoyancy and Archimedes • Pressure in fluids: • Force exerted over a given area • P = F/A • The force acts on all surfaces • The force is perpendicular to the surface • In a fluid, pressure increases with depth • The force is the weight of the fluid

  6. Buoyancy and Archimedes • Buoyancy: The upward force a fluid puts on an object in the fluid • If the buoyant force equals or is greater than the object’s weight, the object floats

  7. Buoyancy and Archimedes • Archimedes discovered: • An object placed into a fluid displaces the fluid • If the weight of the displaced fluid is greater or equal to the weight of the object, the object floats • If the weight of the displaced fluid is less than the weight of the object, the object sinks • Density determines the weight of the fluid and the object!

  8. Pascal’s Principle • If a fluid is in a confined container: • External pressure applied at one location is transmitted equally throughout the fluid • We use this in: • Hydraulics!

  9. Math Skills Activity p 499 • A hydraulic lift is used to lift a heavy machine that is pushing down on a 2.8 m2 piston with a force of 3700 N. What force needs to be applied to the 0.072 m2 piston to lift the machine? • What we know: • F1 = 3700 N A1 = 2.8 m2 • F2 = ? A2 = 0.072 m2

  10. Math Skills Activity p 499 Continued • What equation? • P1 = P2 • Remember, P = F/A • So F1/A1 = F2/A2 • And F2 = (F1)(A2) A1 • Put the numbers in! • F2 = (3700 N)(0.072 m2) 2.8 m2

  11. Math Skills Activity p 499 Continued • Solve! • F2 = (3700 N)(0.072 m2) = 95.143 N 2.8 m2 • Check number and units!

  12. Bernoulli’s Principle • As the speed of fluid flow increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases • We use this:

  13. YouTube - Julius Sumner Miller - Physics - Bernoulli pt. 1

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