NextGen dependence on GPS!

1. NextGen dependence on GPS! Captain Joe Burns Managing Director Flight Standards, Technology, Flight Test United Airlines

2. NextGen dependence on GPS • RTCA NextGen Mid-Term Implementation Task Force: “Among additional considerations..concern with continued reliability and performance of the GPS constellation. The report highlights this risk,...undermines the achievement of desired benefits...” page IX

3. Optimal NextGen Components • No-Delay taxi to the runway • Unimpeded climb-out on departure • User Preferred Route for the oceanic phase of flight • Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM) • Cruise Climb • Variable optimized speed • RNP-4 oceanic separation minima (30/30) • Frequent Dynamic Airborne Reroutes (DARP) • Tailored Arrival to the approach • No-Delay taxi to the gate

4. NextGen – is GPS!: • RNAV/RNP • VNAV • EFB • FANS/Data Communications • GBAS/LAAS • WAAS • ADS-B • CDTI • Curved Path - Approaches • Surface Traffic Applications • ASDE-X, RAAS, TIS

5. NextGen –GPS dependency: • RNAV/RNP - GPS • VNAV - GPS • EFB – GPS • FANS/Data Communications – GPS/Satcom • GBAS/LAAS – GPS • WAAS – GPS • ADS-B - GPS • CDTI - GPS • Curved Path – Approaches - GPS • Surface Traffic Applications - GPS • ASDE-X, RAAS, TIS

6. Navigation: Airspace Data Growth – why we need bigger “boxes” 2003 1962 1977 42,00 lat/long waypoints in US!

7. Tailored Arrivals – UAL HNL-SFO True 4-D procedure “tailored” for flight using continuous descent Fuel Saved = 1600 lbs!

8. 3DPath Arrival Management Route Possibilities • Optimal descents using time-of-arrival • Assign new Mach/IAS and/or • Use “path stretch” TMA Freeze Horizon Path Stretch return waypoint Path Stretch turn out waypoint 2. EDA selects cruise and descent speeds to minimize path distance 1. EDA selects initial path maneuver. Controller can override EDA selection by specifying turn out angle (15, 30, 45, 60) and direction of turn (left or right) TOD 3. EDA calculates turn back location (specified as a PBD from the return waypoint) Horizontal view 8

9. Same SFO “overlay” using GPS-based RNP RNP: Allows Better Use of Parallel Runways

10. GPS derived information MDCRS Real-time tracker: http://acweb.fsl.noaa.gov/demo_java/ GTG Turbulence output: http://aviationweather.gov/exp/gtg/mdtter.php

11. Tracking turbulence/weather with GPS position

12. Surface Moving Map video - FLL

13. RAAS in action (UAL B777 @ DEN) Intersection Departure – Insufficient Runway • Aircraft must enter into runway • Aircraft heading +/- 20 deg of runway heading • Distance for takeoff less than nominal (user selected) “On runway 34 Left, one thousand two hundred remaining”

14. How does GPS benefit US Aviation?: • Precision Navigation = MORE CAPACITY, MORE ALL WEATHER OPS • Precision Timing = BETTER FLOW MANAGEMENT • Position awareness = SAFETY • Reduced fuel burn • Reduced block times • “Greener” more efficient ops!

15. Thank you!