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Subject for Contemporary Literature (Adventures of Tom Sawyer and love is more thicker than forget)
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Mark Twain • His real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens. • He is an American author and humorist. • He also wrote poetry, short stories, essays, and non-fiction.
Birth Place • Born in Florida, Missouri • Birthday: November 30, 1835 • Parents: John and Jane Clemens • Raised in Hannibal, Missouri • The 6th of the 7 children
Connection to Slavery • His uncle and father both owned slaves from whom he would listen to stories and songs. This is where he learned to love story telling.
Education • Went to school up to the 5th grade • Left school at age 11 when his father died in 1847
Professional Career • First job was as a printers apprentice in Missouri. • From Missouri he went to New York and Philadelphia and worked for several newspapers • In 1857 he came back to Missouri and worked as a riverboat captain.
Professional Career In 1857 a river boat captain’s salary was 250.00$ per month, which is equivalent to a 155,000$ per year salary in the present day.
Professional Career • In 1861 Mark Twain became a silver miner in Nevada; he was unsuccessful. • In Nevada he began to write for the Territorial Enterprise newspaper; this is when he started going by the name of Mark Twain. • Mark Twain. Wanting a change by 1864‚ Sam headed for San Francisco where he continued to write for local papers.
Professional Career • In 1865 Twain published his first short story, “Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog”. • After the “big break”, Sam was hired by the Sacramento Unionto visit and report on the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii).
Marriage • In 1870, Mark Twain married Olivia Langhorn.
After marriage • They settled in Buffalo‚ New York. • In 1870, their first child‚ Langdon Clemens was born. • In 1871, they moved to Hartford, Connecticut. • In 1872, their first daughter, Susy was born, but their son, Langdon died because of diphtheria. • In 1873‚ Sam’s focus turned toward social criticism.
He and Hartford Courant publisher Charles Dudley Warner co-wrote The Gilded Age. • (1874-1891)‚ Sam‚ Livy and their three daughters (Clara was born in 1874 and Jean in 1880) and stayed in Hartford.
Professional Career • In 1876 Tom Sawyer was published and in 1884 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published, both of which are his most popular works.
Twains his Most Famous Books While Living in Hartford • Life on the Mississippi (1883) • The Prince and the Pauper (1881) • A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889)
Twain’s Darkest Times and Late Life • In 1903‚ they moved to Italy. • In 1904, her wife Livy died. • 1908 when he moved into his last house‚ “Stormfield”‚ in Redding‚ Connecticut. • In 1909‚ his middle daughter Clara was married. • In the same year, his youngest Jean died because of epileptic seizure. • 4 months later he died, April 21, 1910. Age of 74.
Characters of the Story • Tom Sawyer • Aunt Polly • Mary • Sid Sawyer
Watson's Jim • Huck (Huckleberry Finn) • Joe Harper • Ben Rogers • Amy Lawrence • Becky Thatcher • Judge Thatcher • Mr. Dobbins • Dr. Robinson • Injun Joe • Muff Potter
Elements • SETTING (TIME) · 1845 • SETTING (PLACE) · The fictional town of St. Petersburg, Missouri
Unlocking Difficult Words • bewilderment • preposterous • sheaves • scuffle • stabs • shunned
mum • acquitted • remorse • nab • nemesis • deduced
Tom Sawyer lives with his AuntPolly and his half-brother Sid. He skips school to swim and is made to whitewash the fence the next day as punishment. He cleverly persuades his friends to trade him small treasures for the privilege of doing his work. He then trades the treasures for Sunday School tickets which one normally receives for memorizing verses consistently, redeeming them for a Bible, much to the surprise and bewilderment of the superintendent who thought "it was simply preposterous that this boy had warehoused two thousand sheaves of Scriptural wisdom on his premises a dozen would strain his capacity, without a doubt."
Tom falls in love with Becky Thatcher is a new girl in town, and persuades her to get "engaged" by kissing him. But their romance collapses when she learns Tom has been "engaged" previously to Amy Lawrence. Shortly after Becky shuns him, he accompanies Huckleberry Finn to the graveyard at night, where they witness a trio of body snatchers, Dr. Robinson, Muff Potter and Injun Joe, getting into a fight. While Potter is knocked unconscious during the scuffle, Injun Joe stabs the doctor to death and later pins the blame on Potter, who is arrested and suspected to be the murder. Potter is then shunned by the whole town, except Huck and Tom, who knew the real story.
They decided "to keep mum" about this incident because they are afraid of Injun Joe murdering them. Tom and Huck run away to an island. While enjoying their new-found freedom, they become aware that the community is sounding the river for their bodies. Tom sneaks back home one night to observe the commotion. After a brief moment of remorse at his loved ones' suffering, he is struck by the idea of appearing at his own funeral. Back in school, Tom gets himself back in Becky's favor after he nobly accepts the blame for a book she has ripped. Soon, Muff Potter's trial begins, in which Tom testifies against Injun Joe. Potter is acquitted, but Injun Joe flees the courtroom through a window.
Tom then fears for his life as Injun Joe is at large and can easily find him. Summer arrives, and Tom and Huck go hunting for buried treasure in a haunted house. After venturing upstairs they hear a noise below. Peering through holes in the floor, they see Injun Joe disguised as a deaf-mute Spaniard; Injun Joe and his companion plan to bury some stolen treasure of their own. From their hiding spot, Tom and Huck wriggle with delight at the prospect of digging it up. Huck begins to shadow Injun Joe nightly, watching for an opportunity to nab the gold. In the meantime, Tom goes on a picnic to McDougal's Cave with Becky and their classmates.
In his overconfidence, Tom strays off the marked paths with Becky and they get hopelessly lost. That night, Huck sees Injun Joe and his partner making off with a box. He follows and overhears their plans to attack the Widow Douglas. By running to fetch help, Huck prevents the crime and becomes an anonymous hero. As Tom and Becky wander the extensive cave complex for the next few days, Becky gets extremely dehydrated and starved, so Tom's search for a way out gets even more determined. He accidentally encounters Injun Joe one day, but he is not seen by his nemesis. Eventually he finds a way out, and they are joyfully welcomed back by their community.
As a preventive measure, Judge Thatcher has McDougal's Cave sealed off, but this traps Injun Joe inside. When Tom hears of the sealing several days later and directs a posse to the cave, they find Injun Joe's corpse just inside the sealed entrance, starved to death. A week later, having deduced from Injun Joe's presence at McDougal's Cave that the villain must have hidden the stolen gold inside, Tom takes Huck to the cave and they find the box of gold, the proceeds of which are invested for them. The Widow Douglas adopts Huck, and when he attempts to escape civilized life, Tom tricks him into thinking that he can join Tom's robber band if he returns to the widow.
E.E Cummings (1894 – 1962)
e.e cummings • His real name is Edward Estlin Cummings • An American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright • Estlin died on September 3, 1962
By birth: • Edward was born on October 14, 1894 • Parents: Edward Cummings and Rebecca Haswell Clarke • Raised in in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Childhood days: At early age he knows already how to write poems and verses. Not just writing literary pieces but art works or paintings.
Education: • He graduated from Harvard University in 1915 • He received an advanced degree from Harvard in 1916 • Cummings was an editor and contributor to this literary journal while at Harvard
After schooling: • Cummings went to New York. In this city he held his first and only job, three months with P. F. Collier Son, Inc., mail-order booksellers • In April of 1917 volunteered for Ambulance Service in France • Cummings was imprisoned • 1918 he served the army at Camp Devens, massachusetts • Cummings' first collection of poems, Tulips and Chimneys, appeared in 1923
Life after school: • During the rest of the 1920s and 1930s Cummings returned to Paris a number of times, and traveled throughout Europe • In 1931 Cummings traveled to the Soviet Union, recounting his experiences in Eimi • Cummings also traveled to Northern Africa and Mexico and worked as an essayist and portrait artist for Vanity Fair magazine
Marriage: • Elaine Orr (March 19, 1924) • Anne Minnerly Barton (May 1, 1929) • Marion Morehouse (1934, died May 18, 1969)
Children: • Nancy – born on December 20, 1919 – she didn’t see her farther until 1946 – married to Joseph Willard Roosevelt
Recognition: • 1950, He received a fellowship from the Academy of American poets • 1953, He was a speaker and spoke about his work as part of Harvard’s Charles Eliot Norton lecture • He won the Bolligen Prize for poetry from Yale University • 1952, he was awarded an Honorary seat as a guest professor at Harvard University • Eminent voice of 20th Century English Literature
Awards: • Dial Award (1925) • Guggenheim Fellowship (1933) • Shelley Memorial Award for Poetry (1944) • Harriet Monroe Prize from Poetry magazine (1950) • Fellowship of American Academy of Poets (1950) • Guggenheim Fellowship (1951) • Charles Eliot Norton Professorship at Harvard (1952–1953) • Special citation from the National Book Award Committee for his Poems, 1923–1954 (1957) • Bollingen Prize in Poetry (1958) • Boston Arts Festival Award (1957) • Two-year Ford Foundation grant of $15,000 (1959)
standing female Item #:1164 Media: oil on cardboard Size: 8-1/2" x 14" Dated: 1945-05-27 Price: $9,000
fantastic sunset Item #: 0377 Media: oil on canvas board Size: 36" x 24“ Price: SOLD
life sketches of acrobats Item #: 0264 Media: pencil on paper Size: 8" x 5“ Price: SOLD
Some of Cummings Famous poem: • Total stranger one black day • I carry your heart with me • I shall imagine life • Silence • Love is more thicker than forget • Humanity I love you • You are tired • I have found what you are like • Spring • Since feeling is first • L(a • Once like a spark
Records: Cummings wrote four plays: • Him • Anthropos or the future of art • Uncle toms cabin (ballet) • Santa Claus: a morality 2900 poems Numerous drawings 2 autobiographical novels • i: six nonlectures • The Enormous Room
Style Technique Seasonal Spring; brings positive tone to poems Reminiscent (over pasts loves, Influential people, memories) • Feelings of deep romance, and love for someone. • Filled with compliments, and positive thoughts about a specific person
Themes -Love -Passionate feelings -Descriptive nature poems -War -Sex -Dreams -Past or Future (usually never present) past loves grievances regrets -Desire wishing (to be with someone) -Loneliness
Criticism: • Sentimental and politically naïve
Criticism: Cummings has an eccentric system of typography which, in our opinion, has nothing to do with the poem, but intrudes itself irritatingly.
