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WHAP Exam Review Period 6

WHAP Exam Review Period 6. 1914- the Present Chapters 34-40. Big Picture. How do nationalism and self-determination impact global events? World culture? Globalization Effect of Globalization on environment. World War I Era. Imperialism causes rivalries and competition. Militarism

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WHAP Exam Review Period 6

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  1. WHAP Exam Review Period 6 1914- the Present Chapters 34-40

  2. Big Picture • How do nationalism and self-determination impact global events? • World culture? Globalization • Effect of Globalization on environment

  3. World War I Era • Imperialism causes rivalries and competition. • Militarism • Nationalism • Alliances: Triple Alliance, Triple Entente • Balkans= Powder Keg and Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • War ensues, alliances called in

  4. The War to End All Wars • Central Powers vs. Allies • Schlieffen Plan • Trench Warfare, new weapons • US involvement: Lusitania, Zimmerman Note

  5. Treaty of Versailles • 1919 • All blame placed on Germany • War reparations, loss of land, military downsized • President Wilson’s Fourteen Points • League of Nations

  6. Russian Revolution • Before war was over • Russians suffered greatly during war, very costly in lives and money • Czar Nicholas was forced to abdicate his throne • Provisional government under Alexander Kerensky, Soviets too • Vladimir Lenin, leader of the socialist party/Bolsheviks called for peace, land and bread. • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • USSR= Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • Civil War= Red Army under Trotsky against White Army

  7. Turkey • Lost land in treaties of WWI • Greeks invaded • Mustafa Kemal=Ataturk, successfully led defeat of the Greeks, became first president of modern Turkey, westernized/secularized Turkey

  8. Soviet Union Under Stalin • Lenin had instituted NEP-New Economic Policy that had capitalistic aspects • When Lenin died, Joseph Stalin took over. • Stalin pushed totalitarianism (not true communism). • Five-Year-Plan that pushed industrialization and collectivization. Epic fail. • Great Purge: secret police, trials, assassinations to get rid of opposition • No religion.

  9. Great Depression • WWI was expensive • Nations borrowed money from U.S.---New York became center of economic world • Stock Market Crash in October 1929. • Affects the entire world. Nations can’t pay debts. Unemployment. • FDR in U.S.= New Deal

  10. Fascism • Destroy the will of the individual in favor of “the people”. Unify society • Extreme nationalism, often relying on racial identity • A particular type of totalitarian rule. • First in Italy: Benito Mussolini created National Fascist Party in 1919, squads named “Blackshirts” • By 1926, Italy was a totalitarian fascist regime. • Expanded into North Africa

  11. Rise of Hitler • After WWI, Germany had set up a conservative democratic republic= Weimar Republic • National Socialist Party (Nazis) started to rise in the 1920s as people were upset about Weimar Republic not doing much about economics. • Adolf Hitler became head of Nazi Party and pushed extreme nationalism based on Social Darwinism. • 1933, Hitler became chancellor of the Reichstag and then took control of the government to start the Third Reich. • Nationalism in Europe vs. Nationalism in Colonies

  12. Appeasement • Hitler violated Treaty of Versailles. • Francisco Franco and “nationalists” take over Spain, and France and Great Britain don’t get involved. • Germany takes Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and nothing happens. • League of Nations does nothing. • Munich Conference of 1938=appeasement, “peace for our time” • Nazi-Soviet Pact: USSR appeases Germany because they plan to split Europe up between them (at least that’s what Stalin thinks) • When appeasement fails, war starts with invasion of Poland in 1939.

  13. Japan • Imperialism • 1915, Twenty-One Demands on China • 1931, invades Manchuria • Withdraws from League, and makes pact with Germany • 1937, invades China, “Rape of Nanjing”

  14. World War II • Invasion of Poland, Sept. 1939, blitzkrieg • Battle of Britain • Fall of France • US involvement: after Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor; fight in Europe, Africa and Pacific • D-Day: June 6, 1944, invasion of Europe that leads to end of war in Europe, liberates France • Battle of Stalingrad 1942: Russians defeat Germans • May 1945, Allies closed in on Hitler in Berlin, Hitler committed suicide • August 1945, U.S. uses atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to achieve a Japanese surrender

  15. Consequences of WWII • Holocaust • U.S. and U.S.S.R. =superpowers • Germany occupied and then split • Loss of life and devastation led to Marshall Plan by U.S. • Decline of Colonialism • Women started working outside home during war and stayed out • United Nations • Cold War

  16. Cold War • 1945-1990s, played out world-wide, everyone takes sides or become nonaligned “Third World” • Nuclear arms race • Spread of communism vs. containment • Berlin blockade and airlift • Truman Doctrine: aid countries threatened by communist takeover • NATO vs. Warsaw Pact • “Iron Curtain” • Korea and Vietnam

  17. China • Chinese Revolution of 1911: Sun Yat-sen, Three Principles of the People (nationalism, socialism, democracy), establish Kuomindang • Chiang Kai-shek took over after Sun, Civil War against the communists • Japan invaded and all attention went to stopping them • Mao Zedong led communists, pushed out nationalists, and created People’s Republic of China • Mao’s ideas: Great Leap Forward (industrialization and collectivization), Cultural Revolution (forced egalitarianism), both failures • 1976, Deng Xiaoping: restructured economy, education, mix between communist command economy and free-market capitalist economy • 1989, Tianamen Square

  18. Korea • Split into Soviet Union backed North and U.S. backed South after WWII. 38th parallel • North invaded South • UN sent in troops under U.S. General MacArthur • Armistice in 1953 • Still split today. • North Korea has nuclear weapons.

  19. Vietnam • Vietminh fought against French colonial powers to gain independence. • Split into two nations, communist North and democratic south, at 17th parallel • Ho Chi Minh wanted a unified communist Vietnam, invaded South Vietnam. • U.S. troops fought to save South Vietnam, but failed. Anti-war sentiment at home • Vietnam became a unified communist nation.

  20. Cuba • Cuban Revolution: Batista, supported by U.S., was overthrown by revolutionaries under Fidel Castro • Cuba became communist, businesses nationalized • Bay of Pigs Invasion failed • Cuban Missile Crisis • Cuba has deteriorated with fall of USSR.

  21. Latin America • “Good Neighbor” policy • Single-party rule in Mexico (PRI) until 2000 when a (PAN) candidate won election • Sandinistas in Nicaragua and El Salvador, Contras • Export economies

  22. Poland • 1980, Solidarity: workers joined together under Lech Walesa, strike to reform economy • Put down by martial law • 1989, Solidarity was legalized • 1990, Lech Walesa was elected President, new constitution • Joined NATO and the EU

  23. Germany • Berlin Wall torn down in 1989, mass exodus • Reunified as a free market democracy • Has gone through many changes since WWI

  24. Collapse of Soviet Union • Mikhail Gorbachev: glasnost, perestroika • Elements of private enterprise added to the economy • Great Purge was denounced. • Disintegrated in 1991. • Yugoslavia: ethnic cleansing • Chechnya • 1993, Constitution: Federal state with 3 branches, checks and balances, independent court • First President=Boris Yeltsin • Vladimir Putin-head of state • Dmitry Medvedev-head of government

  25. India • Indian National Congress and Muslim League • Amritsar Massacre in 1919 • Mohandas K. Gandhi: Passive resistance • Hindus and Muslims didn’t get along, India partitioned when it got independence. (India and Pakistan) caused at least 500,000 deaths • Still have trouble today, Kashmir

  26. Africa • Decolonization issues • Algerians fight war of independence • Civil Wars, such as Rwanda with genocide • New resources: metals and palm oils • South Africa ends Apartheid

  27. Middle East • Balfour Declaration • Creation of Israel in 1948 • Arab-Israeli War • Six Days’ War • Camp David Accords • PLO, intifada • Hamas, Fatah, Hezbollah • Iran Revolution • Ayatollah Khomeini • U.S. Embassy workers taken hostage • Iraq-Iran War • Iran-Contra Scandal • Gulf War • Iraq invades Kuwait

  28. Globalization Since 1980 • Gulf War • Terrorism: Taliban, Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden • September 11, 2001---World Trade Center • Global Trade: NAFTA, EU, transnational corporations, IMF, GATT, G6/G8/G20 • Environmental Issues: Earth Summit, Kyoto Protocol

  29. Technology • Weapons of mass destruction: atomic bombs to nuclear weapons • Computers!!! Whee!!! • Reduced size, increased power • Personal • World Wide Web • Browsers

  30. Role of Women • Women’s suffrage movements after WWI and WWII, but not in most Middle Eastern nations • More access to education • Communist nations said women were equal, but still were not • Population: one-child policy in China, sterilization in India • Work!!! • Family Structure: women in the workforce and working at home

  31. Big Picture • Nationalism • Globalization---Is there a world culture?

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